Page 71 - Read Online
P. 71
Page 16 of 19 Lin et al. Cancer Drug Resist. 2026;9:14
3. Johnson DB, Nebhan CA, Moslehi JJ, Balko JM. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors: long-term implications of toxicity. Nat Rev Clin Oncol
2022;19:254-67. DOI PubMed PMC
4. Mandal K, Barik GK, Santra MK. Overcoming resistance to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy: mechanisms, combination strategies, and future
directions. Mol Cancer 2025;24:246. DOI PubMed PMC
5. Zhang D, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Liu D. Revisiting immune checkpoint inhibitors: new strategies to enhance efficacy and reduce
toxicity. Front Immunol 2024;15:1490129. DOI PubMed PMC
6. Alsaafeen BH, Ali BR, Elkord E. Resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint inhibitors: updated insights. Mol Cancer 2025;24:20.
DOI PubMed PMC
7. Dang BTN, Kwon TK, Lee S, Jeong JH, Yook S. Nanoparticle-based immunoengineering strategies for enhancing cancer
immunotherapy. J Control Release 2024;365:773-800. DOI PubMed
8. Lian S, Yang W, Zeng Y, Tang R, Wang K. Targeted nano-drug delivery systems for tumor immunotherapy. J Pharm Anal
2026;16:101408. DOI PubMed PMC
9. Ishida Y, Agata Y, Shibahara K, Honjo T. Induced expression of PD-1, a novel member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, upon
programmed cell death. EMBO J 1992;11:3887-95. DOI PubMed PMC
10. Lin X, Kang K, Chen P, et al. Regulatory mechanisms of PD-1/PD-L1 in cancers. Mol Cancer 2024;23:108. DOI PubMed PMC
11. Freeman GJ, Long AJ, Iwai Y, et al. Engagement of the PD-1 immunoinhibitory receptor by a novel B7 family member leads to negative
regulation of lymphocyte activation. J Exp Med 2000;192:1027-34. DOI PubMed PMC
12. Jiang Y, Chen M, Nie H, Yuan Y. PD-1 and PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy: clinical implications and future considerations. Hum
Vaccin Immunother 2019;15:1111-22. DOI PubMed PMC
13. Kythreotou A, Siddique A, Mauri FA, Bower M, Pinato DJ. PD-L1. J Clin Pathol 2018;71:189-94. DOI PubMed
14. Munari E, Mariotti FR, Quatrini L, et al. PD-1/PD-L1 in cancer: pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Int J Mol Sci
2021;22:5123. DOI PubMed PMC
15. Sharpe AH, Wherry EJ, Ahmed R, Freeman GJ. The function of programmed cell death 1 and its ligands in regulating autoimmunity and
infection. Nat Immunol 2007;8:239-45. DOI PubMed
16. Huang D, Wen W, Liu X, Li Y, Zhang JZH. Computational analysis of hot spots and binding mechanism in the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction.
RSC Adv 2019;9:14944-56. DOI PubMed PMC
17. Paillon N, Mouro V, Dogniaux S, et al. PD-1 inhibits T cell actin remodeling at the immunological synapse independently of its
signaling motifs. Sci Signal 2023;16:eadh2456. DOI PubMed
18. Sharma P, Hu-Lieskovan S, Wargo JA, Ribas A. Primary, adaptive, and acquired resistance to cancer immunotherapy. Cell
2017;168:707-23. DOI PubMed PMC
19. Doroshow DB, Bhalla S, Beasley MB, et al. PD-L1 as a biomarker of response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Nat Rev Clin Oncol
2021;18:345-62. DOI PubMed
20. Bai R, Chen N, Li L, et al. Mechanisms of cancer resistance to immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2020;10:1290. DOI PubMed PMC
21. Monu NR, Frey AB. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and anti-tumor T cells: a complex relationship. Immunol Invest 2012;41:595-613.
DOI PubMed PMC
22. Ruan WS, Feng MX, Xu J, et al. Early activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells participate in sepsis-induced immune suppression
via PD-L1/PD-1 axis. Front Immunol 2020;11:1299. DOI PubMed PMC
23. Lu C, Redd PS, Lee JR, Savage N, Liu K. The expression profiles and regulation of PD-L1 in tumor-induced myeloid-derived suppressor
cells. Oncoimmunology 2016;5:e1247135. DOI PubMed PMC
24. Ibrahim A, Mohamady Farouk Abdalsalam N, Liang Z, et al. MDSC checkpoint blockade therapy: a new breakthrough point overcoming
immunosuppression in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2025;32:371-92. DOI PubMed PMC
25. Zhong C, Niu Y, Liu W, et al. S100A9 derived from chemoembolization-induced hypoxia governs mitochondrial function in
hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Adv Sci 2022;9:e2202206. DOI PubMed PMC
26. Ikeda H, Old LJ, Schreiber RD. The roles of IFN gamma in protection against tumor development and cancer immunoediting. Cytokine
Growth Factor Rev 2002;13:95-109. DOI PubMed
27. Rieth J, Subramanian S. Mechanisms of intrinsic tumor resistance to immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018;19:1340. DOI PubMed PMC
28. Gao J, Shi LZ, Zhao H, et al. Loss of IFN-γ pathway genes in tumor cells as a mechanism of resistance to anti-CTLA-4 therapy. Cell
2016;167:397-404.e9. DOI PubMed PMC
29. Gato-Cañas M, Zuazo M, Arasanz H, et al. PDL1 signals through conserved sequence motifs to overcome interferon-mediated
cytotoxicity. Cell Rep 2017;20:1818-29. DOI PubMed
30. Doi T, Ishikawa T, Okayama T, et al. The JAK/STAT pathway is involved in the upregulation of PD-L1 expression in pancreatic cancer
cell lines. Oncol Rep 2017;37:1545-54. DOI PubMed
64

