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Page 4 of 10 Formica et al. Vessel Plus 2019;3:37 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2019.19

Figure 3. Sutureless techinique with autologous pericardial patch in “oozing” left ventricual free wall rupture

A B

Figure 4. Oozing anterior left ventricular free wall rupture (A); ready-to-use haemostatic collagen sponges (B)

Table 1. Early and long-term outcome of left ventricular free wall rupture
Authors Patients In-hospital mortality Long-term survival
[8]
Okamura et al. 42 6 (17%) 5-year: 68.6%;
10-year: 62.9%
Formica et al. [3] 35 12 (34.3%) 5-year: 80.9%;
10-year: 74.7%
Sakaguchi et al. [23] 32 5 (15.6%) 5-year: 74%
Zoffoli et al .[24] 25 3 (12%) -
McMullan et al. [25] 18 11 (61%) -

a lack of evidence of any benefit of preoperative and perioperative ECMO in patients affected from LVFWR
due to the very low numbers of reports regarding this specific topic.

In-hospital mortality is extremely variable, ranging from 12% to 61% among different Institutions [3,8,23-25] .
Despite the relative high in-hospital mortality, midterm and long term survival show encouraging outcome
[Table 1].

VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT
The incidence of VSD has been estimated between 1% and 2% of all patients suffering from acute
myocardial infarctions even if the advent of reperfusion therapy has decreased this value below 0.5%.
Despite the low incidence, the early mortality is still high, reaching about 60%-70%. Without surgical
treatment, only about 10% of patients survives after 3 months .
[26]