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Rao. Vessel Plus 2022;6:35 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2021.109 Page 5 of 6

oscillatory ventilation), O pulse, respiratory efficiency and spirometry, heart rate reserve, and chronotropic
2
index. They suggested periodic evaluation of maximal metabolic measures, specifically, VO2 peak, VO2 at
anaerobic threshold, oxygen pulse, oxygen uptake efficiency slope, and ventilatory efficiency, to identify
subclinical alterations. The authors concluded that CPET is a key means for the surveillance of post-Fontan
patients and that CPET, along with data from clinical, non-invasive imaging, and cardiac
catheterization/angiographic information, are helpful in determining the need for and timing of re-
intervention.

As one can see, there was a preponderance of papers from the University of Texas Health Science Center,
my institution. It was not my intention to load up the manuscripts from my institution; the Journal’s
editorial staff and I have invited more than 100 physicians involved in the care of patients with CHD, and
we received responses only from physicians currently contributing to this issue. It was not possible to
include all the advances that occurred over the last few decades; only selected topics were included because
of limitations of space. The authors of this Special Issue and I hope that we were able to pass on the
knowledge of some of the diagnostic and therapeutic techniques to the interested reader and that these are
helpful in caring for their patients with heart disease.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
The author contributed solely to the article.

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
The author declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2022.

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