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to stroke and other emboli complications as well as congestive heart failure. Building upon Filardo’s initial
study, therefore, additional POAF research now appears warranted. In order to optimize the future
effectiveness and efficiency of cardiac surgical care, a clinically relevant POAF definition needs to be
[15]
established . Moreover, high-quality, randomized, controlled clinical trials are needed to evaluate the
current POAF prevention and management strategies. Although atrial fibrillation medication-based trials
have been completed, the lack of visibility and urgency towards finding options to address new-onset POAF
has stalled. Hopefully, this review highlights the significance of POAF to future cardiac surgical quality
improvement efforts, building an urgency to establish a POAF definitional consensus to reduce the
prevalence and burden of this important condition.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Made substantial contributions to this study’s conceptualization and qualitative design: Pardo D, Rove JY,
Grover FL, Shroyer AL
Coordinated the literature review, captured the study data, performed the preliminary analysis, and
provided summary reports describing this study’s findings: Pardo D
Verified a sampling of the data captured and guided the analyses performed: Shroyer AL
Assisted with data report interpretation: Rove JY, Grover FL
Prepared the first manuscript draft: Pardo D, Shroyer AL
Revised the manuscript substantively and provided final manuscript approval: Pardo D, Rove JY,
Grover FL, Shroyer AL

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2022.

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