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Smetanina et al. Vessel Plus 2021;5:19 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2021.17 Page 9 of 13

*
Table 1. Main venoactive drugs (venoprotective and venoconstrictor/venotonic) used for CVD treatment
Substance
[Grade§, if Group Registered as: trade name [country] Effects Ref.
available]

I. Mixed-action drugs (venoprotective and venoconstrictor/venotonic)
® ®
Micronized purified 90% micronized diosmin and Daflon [France], Detralex [France, Russia], Detravenol [Russia], Increases venous tone, protects against inflammation-related [43,46,49-55]
®
flavonoid fraction 10% flavonoids (hesperidin, Venarus [Russia], Angiorus [Russia], Linfadren [Italy]; Ardium valve damage, decreases capillary permeability, improves
® ® ®
(MPFF) [A] diosmetin, linarin, and [France], Alvenor [Bangladesh], Arvenum [Italy], Capiven capillary resistance, increases lymphatic drainage and
® ® ®
isorhoifolin) [Denmark], Elatec [Mexico], Variton [Mexico], Flebotropin alleviates leg (o)edema, improves skin trophic disorders and
® ® *
[Argentina], Venitol [South Korea], VEDIPAL [Argentina, Chile, ulcer healing, relieves symptoms related to CVD at all stages
®
Puerto Rico, Spain, Guatemala, etc.], Venolex [Georgia], Flebaven and improves QoL ; more effective as a complex substance
[Russia] rather than its components applied separately

Diosmiplex Diosmin glycoside (flavonoid) + Vasculera™ (USA) Restores toward normal the metabolic aspects of CVI [56-59]
Alka4-complex including modulation of venous tone and capillary resistance,
management of lymphatic drainage, and inflammation in the
microcirculation; reduces acidosis under extreme exercise
loads
® ®
Diosmin [C] Flavonoid Phlebodia 600* [France], Diovenor [France], Dio-PP [Hungary], Prolongs the vasoconstrictor effect of norepinephrine on the [41,43,60,61]
VENO V [Portugal], Venosmine [Italy, Hong Kong] vein wall, increases venous tone, reduces venous capacitance,
distensibility, and stasis; improves lymphatic drainage;
improves all CEAP stages of CVD including venous ulcers, and
improves QoL
Horse chestnut seed Saponosides Horse chestnut extract fluid [Russia], Escizane and Aescine [Russia], Anti-inflammatory, anti-(o)edematous, and venotonic effects; [40,60,62,63]
extracts [B] Aescin (escin) [Poland, Slovakia, Taiwan], Esceven (escin, heparin) may be an alternative for compression stockings
[Poland], Aescusan 20 [Germany], Aescin-Teva [Czech Republic],
®
Reparil (diethylamine salicylate, escin) [Italy, Belgium, Brazil, etc.],
®
Aescusan [Germany], Aesflazidum [Russia], Venoplant [Germany],
Venostasin [Austria], Anavenol Zentiva (dihydroergocristine
†
mesylate + esculin + rutin) [Czech Republic]
Ruscus extracts [B] Saponosides; Ruscosides Cyclo-3 fort (broomstick extract + hesperidin methylchalcone + Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as [64,65]
(Butcher's broom) ascorbic acid) [Poland], Phlebodril [Germany] significant venular constriction effect
®
Grape Seed Extract Procyanidolic oligomers, Endotelon [France], AS195, Antistax Due to its anti-oxidant properties can strengthen blood vessels [63,66,67]
[C] precursors of (red vine leaf extract) [Germany] and reduce inflammation; maintains slide circulation and
tannins improves the tired heavy achy feeling that results from venous
insufficiency
®
Glucofuranoside Synthetic drug Glyvenol (tribenoside) [Switzerland, Germany] Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects; decreases capillary [47]
derivative permeability
II. Venoprotective drugs
Rutin and its Bioflavonoids; rutosides Rutin (rutoside), Ascorutin [Russia, Slovakia, Georgia, Czech Reduces leg (o)edema; improves CVD symptoms [47,48,60,63]
®
derivatives (oxerutin Republic], Troxevasin (troxerutin) [Bulgaria], Cerutin [Lebanon,
[A]; troxerutin [C]) Poland], Rutoscorbin [Lithuania, Poland, Romania]
Ginkgo biloba leaf Quercetol, rutoside (leaf) Bilobil, Ginkio, Memoplant; Ginkor Fort (Ginkgo biloba extract + Reduces leg (o)edema; improves CVD symptoms [46-48]
‡
extracts [C] heptaminol hydrochloride + troxerutin) [France]