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Padilla et al. Rare Dis Orphan Drugs J 2023;2:27  https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/rdodj.2023.38  Page 11 of 13

                tactical strategy to help ensure the sustainability of the NBS program. Good leadership is essential for
                program development and sustainability and has been present in the PNBSP, from planning the pilot to
                nationwide expansion. Education using traditional (print) and evolving technologies (digital) has been a
                continuous and necessary component of the program. It ensures that parents, NBS coordinators, policy
                makers, and program staff are informed about new program information. Technical, medical, and logistical
                support have been present from the early days of the program and continue today, placing the program on a
                firm foundation as it moves forward. Continuous quality improvement has been integrated into the various
                components of PNBSP through the development and implementation of PPEAS including external
                laboratory certification with international experts. As a result of these efforts, the PNBSP has been
                successful and sustainable and is a potential model for other developing programs with a similar
                environment.



               DECLARATIONS
               Acknowledgments
               We thank the Newborn Screening Reference Center of the National Institutes of Health, University of the
               Philippines Manila for sharing updated information on the Philippine Newborn Screening Program.

               Authors’ contributions
               Contributed to planning, securing information, analyzing data, and writing and editing of the manuscript:
               Padilla CD, Abadingo ME, Munda KV, Therrell BL


               Availability of data and materials
               Not applicable.


               Financial support and sponsorship
               None.


               Conflicts of interest
               All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

               Ethical approval and consent to participate
               Not applicable.

               Consent for publication
               Not applicable.

               Copyright
               © The Author(s) 2023.


               REFERENCES
               1.       Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Ten great public health achievements--United States, 2001-2010. MMWR Morb
                   Mortal Wkly Rep 2011;60:619-23.  PubMed
               2.       Therrell BL, Padilla CD, Loeber JG, et al. Current status of newborn screening worldwide: 2015. Semin Perinatol 2015;39:171-87.
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