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Di Valerio et al. Plast Aesthet Res 2022;9:62 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2347-9264.2022.50 Page 9 of 10

This study includes new literature not evaluated in prior reviews. This is critical given the recent increase in
the adoption of and research related to this technique [25,26] . This study is also unique due to its strict
inclusion criteria of control groups to underscore clinical and patient-reported outcome measures in
standard practice. Additionally, our appraisal of the literature emphasized specifically studies that assessed
PROMIS, a metric we believe is especially meaningful in capturing the multifaceted nuances of living with
postamputation pain syndromes.

This systematic review adds to the literature supporting the efficacious use of TMR, both as a technique to
improve postamputation pain compared to previously established standards of care and as a treatment for
established postamputation neuromas.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Writing, review and editing: Di Valerio E, Lautenslager L, Vonu P, Mustafa C, Chim H, Satteson E
Original draft and methodology: Di Valerio E, Lautenslager L, Vonu P, Satteson E
Data curation: Di Valerio E, Lautenslager L
Formal analysis: Lautenslager L, Vonu P
Conceptualization: Vonu P, Mustafa C, Chim H, Satteson E
Supervision, project administration, resources: Satteson E

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2022.

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