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Burke et al. Plast Aesthet Res 2022;9:48 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2347-9264.2022.26 Page 7 of 9

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morbidity . Further research is needed to investigate the possibility of neuroma formation within the
RPNI construct.

The RPNI has demonstrated enormous potential to decrease the incidence of postamputation pain. Given
the results of our study, all patients who undergo limb amputation should be considered for RPNI surgery
for prophylactic prevention of postamputation neuromas. This will undoubtedly have positive implications
for pain outcomes, rehabilitation, and overall quality of life for this patient population.

CONCLUSION
In summary, the RPNI is a neuroprosthetic control strategy that transduces signals from residual peripheral
nerves with high accuracy and favorable SNRs for enhanced prosthetic device control and user experience.
The indications for RPNIs continue to expand as this technique can be applied to any transected peripheral
nerve to provide denervated target end organs for reinnervation. The RPNI is a safe, straightforward, and
reproducible surgical technique. This novel interface for prosthetic motor control has also shown promise
in restoring sensory feedback in persons with upper extremity amputations. Furthermore, RPNIs can be
used to treat and prevent neuroma formation and postamputation pain. RPNIs have revolutionized the
potential of neuroprosthetic control of the upper extremity, creating an enhanced, intuitive experience for
prosthetic users.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Performed writing of the manuscript: Burke KL
Assisted with manuscript preparation: Kung TA, Hooper RC, Kemp SWP, Cederna PS

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2022.

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