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Preto et al. Plast Aesthet Res. 2025;12:28 Plastic and
DOI: 10.20517/2347-9264.2025.26
Aesthetic Research

Original Article Open Access

Surgical and functional outcomes of penoscrotal
vaginoplasty in AMAB transgender patients: a

comprehensive analysis of patient satisfaction and
postoperative findings

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1
1
1,2
Mirko Preto 1 , Marco Falcone , Ilaria Ferro , Lorenzo Cirigliano , Liliana Guadagni , Natalia
1
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Plamadeala , Martina Scavone , Emanuele Zupo , Massimiliano Timpano , Paolo Gontero 1
1
AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Department of Urology, Molinette Hospital, Turin 10126, Italy.
2
AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Department of Neuro-Urology, CTO Hospital, Turin 10126, Italy.
Correspondence to: Dr. Mirko Preto, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Department of Urology, Molinette
Hospital, Turin 10126, Italy. E-mail: mirko.preto@unito.it
How to cite this article: Preto M, Falcone M, Ferro I, Cirigliano L, Guadagni L, Plamadeala N, Scavone M, Zupo E, Timpano M,
Gontero P. Surgical and functional outcomes of penoscrotal vaginoplasty in AMAB transgender patients: a comprehensive
analysis of patient satisfaction and postoperative findings. Plast Aesthet Res. 2025;12:28. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2347-
9264.2025.26
Received: 15 Mar 2025 First Decision: 11 Jun 2025 Revised: 27 Jul 2025 Accepted: 8 Aug 2025 Published: 1 Sep 2025
Academic Editor: Miroslav L. Djordjevic Copy Editor: Ting-Ting Hu Production Editor: Ting-Ting Hu

Abstract
Aim: To evaluate surgical and functional outcomes of assigned male at birth (AMAB) transgender patients who
received penoscrotal vaginoplasty at an Italian referral center.
Methods: A retrospective analysis included AMAB transgender patients who received penoscrotal vaginoplasty
between April 2018 and April 2024. Patient demographic data, surgical outcomes, complications, and functional
outcomes were collected and analyzed. Functional outcomes were assessed using validated questionnaires,
including the Operated Male-to-Female Sexual Function Index (oMtFSFI), the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI),
and the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS). A follow-up period of 12 months was used, with statistical
analyses to identify predictors of complications and patient dissatisfaction.

Results: The study included 47 AMAB transgender patients, with 30 providing complete functional outcome data.
Surgical outcomes showed that the median operative time was 315 min, with a median neovaginal depth of 14 cm.
Major complications occurred in 21.2%, including meatal stenosis and one case of rectovaginal fistula. Functional

© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
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