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Limitations
Within this systematic review, we only searched two common literature databases: PubMed and Web of
Science. This leaves the risk of studies being missed. Three out of four RCTs included in this study were all
performed by the same research group, and only NTG was used here. Only 7 out of the 11 included studies
investigated FSG in a controlled clinical setting, but lacked big cohorts and longtime follow-ups. The other
included studies were case reports or series. Moreover, there is a paucity of recent publications; most
included studies (9/11) are over two years old. Therefore, the results presented in this systematic review
should be interpreted with caution.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Conceptualization, review and editing: Pignet AL, Kamolz LP
Methodology: Pignet AL, Hecker A, Kamolz LP
Writing: Pignet AL, Voljc T, Carnieletto M, Watzinger N
All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Availability of data and materials
All relevant information for this systematic review is either part of the manuscript, figures, tables, or digital
supplemental content. Any additional information can be found on the PROSPERO protocol for this paper.
If any further information is required or unclear, the reader is more than welcome to contact the
corresponding author for clarification.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2024.

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