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Page 10 of 13              Chi et al. Plast Aesthet Res 2023;10:56  https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2347-9264.2023.48

               Table 1. Summary of mechanism and experimental outcomes with tacrolimus (FK506) and electrostimulation

                         Tacrolimus (FK506)     Electrostimulation      Combined
                         Upregulated heat shock proteins    Increased calcium influx
                Mechanism
                         Upregulated GAP-43     Upregulated GAP-43
                         Upregulated MAPK       Upregulated microtubule assembly
                         Increased axonal growth  Increased axonal crossing of
                                                coaptation
                         Most improved histologic   Improved histology  Improved histology
                Experimental   regeneration
                         Improved walking-track recovery   Improved walking-track recovery  Earlier improved walking-track recovery, decreased
                                                                        variance
                outcomes
                         No change from control  Improved grid-walk assessment   Improved grid-walk assessment
                         Increased muscle mass  No change from control  Increased muscle mass



               DECLARATIONS
               Authors’ contributions
               Made substantial contributions to conception, literature review, study interpretation, and manuscript
               writing: Chi D, Silverman EC, Marsh EB, Wood MD, Mackinnon SE

               Availability of data and materials
               Not applicable.


               Financial support and sponsorship
               None.


               Conflicts of interest
               All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.


               Ethical approval and consent to participate
               Not applicable.


               Consent for publication
               Not applicable.


               Copyright
               © The Author(s) 2023.


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