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Page 10 of 15 Friedman et al. Plast Aesthet Res 2023;10:23 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2347-9264.2022.100

Figure 6. Long and short bundle phenotypes of the tricipital lymphatic channel (reused with permission, Friedman et al. 2022, Breast
Cancer Research and Treatment [99] ).

lymphangiogenic cytokine delivery, anti-inflammatory agents, as well as anti-fibrotic agents could aid in the
non-surgical prevention and treatment of BCRL .
[105]

CONCLUSION
The development of breast cancer-related lymphedema following breast cancer treatment is multifactorial
[13]
and surgical prevention with ILR can reduce the rate of BCRL development . Although our understanding
of risk factors has evolved, currently established risk factors do not fully account for the variation in BCRL
[106]
development at the individual level . A deeper appreciation of lymphatic anatomy will help to further our
understanding of the pathologic changes that occur in BCRL and will help to explain why only a subset of
patients develop BCRL after oncologic treatment and ILR. Therefore, there is high utility and value in
anatomical mapping of the lymphatic system for both the patient and surgeon.

DECLARATION
Authors’ Contributions
Made substantial contributions to the completion or design of the work: Friedman R, Kinney JR, Bahadur
A, Singhal D

Performed data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data for the work: Friedman R, Kinney JR,
Bahadur A, Singhal D.

Helped with drafting or revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Friedman R, Kinney
JR, Bahadur A, Singhal D.