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Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation 2019;6:15 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2347-8659.2019.019 Page 7 of 24

report our experience in treating seven patients with delayed radiation-induced complications using high-
flow extracranial-intracranial bypass.

9. Spinal cord stimulation improves the microvascular perfusion insufficiency caused by
critical limb ischemia

Jung-Tung Liu

Neurosurgical department, Chung-Shang University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

Aim: The study aimed to identify the benefit and efficacy of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in patients with
perfusion problem caused by critical limb ischemia (CLI) compared with those who did not receive CLI.

Methods: Seventy-eight patients were diagnosed as having perfusion problem, with perfusion difference <
0.95, by using lower-limb 201TI scintigraphy. Thirty-seven patients were treated with SCS and 41 treated
without. All patients took the same medications. The outcomes of walking distance, walking time, and
sleeping quality were interrogated and recorded. The pain intensities were evaluated via visual analog scale
score.

Results: The outcomes in SCS treatment group were dramatically ameliorated. The visual analog scale (VAS)
score evidenced improvement immediately following one-week of SCS implantation. On the other hand,
the outcomes in non-SCS group were exacerbated. Indeed, the increased intensities of microcirculation
were observed in the lower extremities after SCS implantation compared with pre-implantation by using
lower-limb 201TI scintigraphy. Most importantly, 10 of 41 patients were on wheelchairs in Non-SCS group,
and no one on wheelchairs in SCS group after one-year follow-up.

Conclusion: Early diagnosis of perfusion problem in patients with CLI and treating with SCS immediately
are crucial for the patients’ improved outcomes and limb salvage.

10. Plasma biomarkers and neurodegenerative diseases

1
2
3
Ming-Jang Chiu , Chin-Hsien Lin , Jyh-shing Roger Jang , Ling-Yun Fan , Shieh-Yueh Yang
5
4
1 Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
2 Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
3 Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
4 Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
5 MagQu Co., Ltd., New Taipei City, Taiwan; MagQu LLC, Surprise, AZ, USA

Neurodegenerative diseases are now considered as proteinopathies of various combinations. Amyloid-β and
tauopathies are the major pathognomonic pathological changes of Alzheimer’s disease, α-synucleinopathies
are for Parkinson’s disease, and TDP-43 proteinopathies and tauopathies are for frontotemporal dementia.
Other tauopathies include Pick’s disease, corticobasal disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy.
Synucleinopathies include multiple system atrophy and Lewy body disease. TDP-43 proteinopathies include
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, co-pathology of neurodegenerative diseases exist: Lewy bodies