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Page 4 of 14 Milluzzo et al. Metab Target Organ Damage 2024;4:5 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2023.43

Table 1. Retinal effects of anticancer drug classes
Rate
Class/molecule Study type and country Cancer type of Diabetes Retinal features Clinical evolution Refs
RAEs
Anti-oestrogen
Tamoxifen or Retrospective analysis of a Breast 0.9% Yes (not indicated the Refractile yellowish deposits Regression after tamoxifen withdrawal, [20]
toramifen multicentre international prevalence in the whole (macula, nerve, and plexiform although retinal deposits were permanent
trial cohort) layers)
Macular oedema
Tamoxifen Case report of Breast - Yes Retinal haemorrhages Regression of macular oedema after [22]
a 52-yo woman Exudates intraocular injection of Bevacizumab
(USA) Macular oedema
Tamoxifen Case report of a 52-yo Breast - No Refractile deposits (fovea, macula) Six months after tamoxifen withdrawal, no [23]
woman Macular intraretinal cysts significant change in the retina was observed
(UK)
Alkyl agents
Carboplatin Retrospective Lung - Yes NPDR - [15]
(Italy) Breast Colorectal Cystoid macular oedema (cisplatin)
Cisplatin
Oxaliplatin
Cisplatin Case report of a 31-yo man Testis - No Cotton wool spots Retinal signs did not improve after cisplatin [33]
(UK) Retinal haemorrhages discontinuation and laser photocoagulation
Retinal neovascularization
Topo Inhib
Etoposide Retrospective Lung - Yes NPDR or PDR - [15]
(Italy) Liver
Doxorubicin
Taxanes
Paclitaxel Case report of a 49-yo Ovarian No Cystoid macular oedema Retinal signs disappeared after drug cessation [30]
woman
(Italy)
Paclitaxel or Prospective Breast - No Increased central macular thickness, - [31]
docetaxel (Lebanon) Ovarian without significant macular oedema
Esophagus
Antimetabolites
Gemcitabine Case report of a 58-yo man Bladder - Yes Microaneurysms Retinal signs disappeared after drug cessation [34]
(France) Cotton wool spots
Haemorrhages
Increased macular thickness
Mild retinal oedema
5-FU Case report of a 60-yo man Stomach - Yes Cystoid macular oedema Retinal signs disappeared after drug cessation [35]