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Sanal et al. Metab Target Organ Damage 2024;4:45 Metabolism and
DOI: 10.20517/mtod.2024.54
Target Organ Damage

Perspective Open Access

NAFLD to MAFLD: collaboration, not confusion -
rethinking the naming of fatty liver disease

9
1
Madhususdana Girija Sanal , Robert G. Gish 2,3,4,5,6,7,8 , Nahúm Méndez-Sánchez , Ming-Lung Yu 10,11,12,13 , Wah-
14
15
18
Kheong Chan , Lai Wei , Henning Grønbæk 16,17 , Minghua Zheng , Jacob George 19
1
Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi 110070, India.
2
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
3
Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA 18901, USA.
4
School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
5
School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89146, USA.
6
Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
7
Department of Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA
92103, USA.
8
Robert G Gish Consultants, San Diego, CA 92101, USA.
9
Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation and Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico,
Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
10
Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
11
Center of Hepatitis Research, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
12
Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
13
School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence
for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
14
Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
50603, Malaysia.
15
Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
16
Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 808000, Denmark.
17
Clinical Institute, Aarhus University, Aarhus 808000, Denmark.
18
MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
325035, Zhejiang, China.
19
Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney 2145,
Australia.
Correspondence to: Prof. Jacob George, Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital,
University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Sydney 2145, Australia. E-mail: jacob.george@sydney.edu.au; Dr. Madhususdana
Girija Sanal, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D-1, Vasant Kunj Rd, Ghitorni,
New Delhi 110070, India. E-mail: sanalmg@gmail.com
How to cite this article: Sanal MG, Gish RG, Méndez-Sánchez N, Yu ML, Chan WK, Wei L, Grønbæk H, Zheng M, George J.
NAFLD to MAFLD: collaboration, not confusion - rethinking the naming of fatty liver disease. Metab Target Organ Damage
2024;4:45. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2024.54
Received: 4 Jul 2024 First Decision: 21 Oct 2024 Revised: 28 Oct 2024 Accepted: 31 Oct 2024 Published: 9 Dec 2024
Academic Editor: Christopher D. Byrne Copy Editor: Ting-Ting Hu Production Editor: Ting-Ting Hu
© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as
long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and
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