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completely eliminated) in this patient population. On this point, future studies evaluating the natural
history of MetALD compared with MASLD might shed more light on whether thresholds for alcohol
consumption have a strong evidence base.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the study and performed data analysis and
interpretation: Ciardullo S, Perseghin G
Performed data acquisition and provided administrative, technical, and material support: Ciardullo S,
Perseghin G

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
Stefano Ciardullo is a Junior Editorial Board member of the journal Metabolism and Target Organ Damage.
The other authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2024.

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