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understandable to the public. Additionally, leveraging advancements in health communication and
technology can facilitate the dissemination of accurate information in a clear and accessible manner.

In conclusion, finding the balance between scientific accuracy and accessibility in disease naming is essential
for effective communication with patients, for clinical practice and for research. By collaborating and
considering diverse perspectives, stakeholders can develop terminology that promotes clear
communication, empowers patients, and reduces the stigma associated with the disease.

DECLARATION
Authors’ contributions
Drafted the manuscript: Sanal MG, George J
Involved in manuscript revision and approval of final draft: Gish RG, Méndez-Sánchez N, Yu ML, Chan
WK, Wei L, Zheng M, Grønbæk H

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
Sanal MG is supported by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Grant. (BT/PR42389/
MED/30/2351/2021). Yu ML is supported by the “Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver
Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung” from The Featured Areas Research Center Program
within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in
Taiwan, China; Research support (grant) from Abbvie, BMS, Gilead, Merck, and Roche diagnostics. George
J is supported by the Robert W. Storr Bequest to the Sydney Medical Foundation, University of Sydney, a
National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) Program Grant (APP1053206),
Investigator and MRFF grants (APP2032407; NCRI000183; APP2016215; APP 2010795; APP1196492), and a
Cancer Institute, NSW grant (2021/ATRG2028). Grønbæk H is supported by research grants from Abbvie,
Intercept, ARLA Food for Health, and ADS AIPHIA Development Services AG.

Conflicts of interest
Gish RG has a speaker’s contract to do promotional talks for: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, BMS, Diasorin, Eisai,
Genentech, Gilead Sciences Inc., Intercept, Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Madrigal, Mallinckrodt, and VBI
Vaccines. Minor stock shareholder (liver space noted only): RiboSciences, and CoCrystal. Stock Options:
Abacus, Eiger, Genlantis, HepQuant, AngioCrine, HepaTx, JBS Science, and Virion (details provided
separately). Gish RG has served as Consultant and/or Advisor to (in the last two years): Abacus, Abbott,
AbbVie, Albireo, Aligos, Altimunne, Antios, Arrowhead, AstraZeneca, Audentes Therapeutics, Corcept,
Dynavax, Effectus, Eiger, Eisai, Enyo, Genentech, Genlantis, Gerson Lehrman Group, Gilead Sciences,
GlaxoSmithKline, Helios, HepaTX, HepQuant, Intercept, Ipsen, Janssen, JBS Science, Kinnate Bio, Merck,
Precision BioSciences, Pfizer, Seres Therapeutics, Topography Health, Tune Therapeutics, Venatorx, and
Virion. (details provided separately). Wei L: Consultant of Abbott, Abbvie, BMS, Gilead, Roche, and Roche
diagnostics; Speaker of Abbvie, BMS, Eisai, Gilead, Roche, and Roche diagnostics. Grønbæk H, Consulting
Fees: Ipsen, NOVO, Pfizer. Lecturer: AstraZeneca, EISAI; Data Monitoring Committee: CAMURUS AB.
Chan WK: Chan WK has served as a consultant or advisory board member for Abbott, Roche, Abbvie,
Boehringer Ingelheim, and Novo Nordisk; and a speaker for Abbott, Novo Nordisk, Echosens, Viatris, and
Hisky Medical. Zheng M has received honoraria for lectures from AstraZeneca, Hisky Medical
Technologies, and Novo Nordisk, consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, serves as a consultant for
Eieling Technology. George J serves on Advisory Boards and receives honoraria for talks from Novo