Page 49 - Read Online
P. 49
Nasr et al. Metab Target Organ Damage 2023;3:19 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2023.20 Page 15 of 17
sustained therapeutic response. Hepatology 2002;36:1266-72. DOI PubMed
109. Lonardo A, Loria P, Adinolfi LE, Carulli N, Ruggiero G. Hepatitis C and steatosis: a reappraisal. J Viral Hepat 2006;13:73-80. DOI
PubMed
110. Hofer H, Bankl HC, Wrba F, et al. Hepatocellular fat accumulation and low serum cholesterol in patients infected with HCV-3a. Am J
Gastroenterol 2002;97:2880-5. DOI
111. Serfaty L, Andreani T, Giral P, Carbonell N, Chazouillères O, Poupon R. Hepatitis C virus induced hypobetalipoproteinemia: a
possible mechanism for steatosis in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 2001;34:428-34. DOI PubMed
112. Leslie J, Geh D, Elsharkawy AM, Mann DA, Vacca M. Metabolic dysfunction and cancer in HCV: shared pathways and mutual
interactions. J Hepatol 2022;77:219-36. DOI PubMed
113. Felmlee DJ, Hafirassou ML, Lefevre M, Baumert TF, Schuster C. Hepatitis C virus, cholesterol and lipoproteins--impact for the viral
life cycle and pathogenesis of liver disease. Viruses 2013;5:1292-324. DOI PubMed PMC
114. Monto A, Alonzo J, Watson JJ, Grunfeld C, Wright TL. Steatosis in chronic hepatitis C: relative contributions of obesity, diabetes
mellitus, and alcohol. Hepatology 2002;36:729-36. DOI PubMed
115. Rubbia-Brandt L, Fabris P, Paganin S, et al. Steatosis affects chronic hepatitis C progression in a genotype specific way. Gut
2004;53:406-12. DOI PubMed PMC
116. Kim MN, Han K, Yoo J, Hwang SG, Ahn SH. Increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality in chronic viral hepatitis with
concurrent fatty liver. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022;55:97-107. DOI PubMed
117. Shimizu K, Soroida Y, Sato M, et al. Eradication of hepatitis C virus is associated with the attenuation of steatosis as evaluated using
a controlled attenuation parameter. Sci Rep 2018;8:7845. DOI PubMed PMC
118. Shousha HI, Abdelaziz RA, Azab SM, et al. Effect of treatment with direct acting antivirals on body mass index and hepatic steatosis
in chronic hepatitis C. J Med Virol 2018;90:1099-105. DOI
119. Rout G, Nayak B, Patel AH, et al. Therapy with oral directly acting agents in hepatitis C infection is associated with reduction in
fibrosis and increase in hepatic steatosis on transient elastography. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2019;9:207-14. DOI PubMed PMC
120. Do A, Esserman DA, Krishnan S, et al. Excess weight gain after cure of hepatitis C infection with direct-acting antivirals. J Gen
Intern Med 2020;35:2025-34. DOI PubMed PMC
121. Kalligeros M, Vassilopoulos A, Shehadeh F, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and fibrosis in
people living with HIV monoinfection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023;21:1708-22. DOI
122. Maurice JB, Patel A, Scott AJ, Patel K, Thursz M, Lemoine M. Prevalence and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in HIV-
monoinfection. AIDS 2017;31:1621-32. DOI PubMed
123. Welzen BJ, Mudrikova T, El Idrissi A, Hoepelman AIM, Arends JE. A review of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in HIV-infected
patients: the next big thing? Infect Dis Ther 2019;8:33-50. DOI PubMed PMC
124. Gutierrez AD, Balasubramanyam A. Dysregulation of glucose metabolism in HIV patients: epidemiology, mechanisms, and
management. Endocrine 2012;41:1-10. DOI PubMed PMC
125. Magkos F, Mantzoros CS. Body fat redistribution and metabolic abnormalities in HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral
therapy: novel insights into pathophysiology and emerging opportunities for treatment. Metabolism 2011;60:749-53. DOI PubMed
PMC
126. Wiersinga WJ, Rhodes A, Cheng AC, Peacock SJ, Prescott HC. Pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review. JAMA 2020;324:782-93. DOI PubMed
127. Zhang C, Shi L, Wang FS. Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;5:428-30.
DOI PubMed PMC
128. Kulkarni AV, Kumar P, Tevethia HV, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: liver manifestations and outcomes in COVID-19.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020;52:584-99. DOI PubMed PMC
129. Nardo AD, Schneeweiss-Gleixner M, Bakail M, Dixon ED, Lax SF, Trauner M. Pathophysiological mechanisms of liver injury in
COVID-19. Liver Int 2021;41:20-32. DOI PubMed PMC
130. Wang Y, Liu S, Liu H, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the liver directly contributes to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-
19. J Hepatol 2020;73:807-16. DOI PubMed PMC
131. Yang C, Cai L, Xiao SY. Pathologic characteristics of digestive tract and liver in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2023;52:201-14. DOI PubMed PMC
132. Roca-Fernández A, Dennis A, Nicholls R, et al. Hepatic steatosis, rather than underlying obesity, increases the risk of infection and
hospitalization for COVID-19. Front Med 2021;8:636637. DOI PubMed PMC
133. Palomar-Lever A, Barraza G, Galicia-Alba J, et al. Hepatic steatosis as an independent risk factor for severe disease in patients with
COVID-19: a computed tomography study. JGH Open 2020;4:1102-7. DOI PubMed PMC
134. Bradley BT, Maioli H, Johnston R, et al. Histopathology and ultrastructural findings of fatal COVID-19 infections in Washington
State: a case series. Lancet 2020;396:320-32. DOI PubMed PMC
135. Fassan M, Mescoli C, Sbaraglia M, et al. Liver histopathology in COVID-19 patients: a mono-Institutional series of liver biopsies and
autopsy specimens. Pathol Res Pract 2021;221:153451. DOI PubMed PMC
136. Beigmohammadi MT, Jahanbin B, Safaei M, et al. Pathological findings of postmortem biopsies from lung, heart, and liver of 7
deceased COVID-19 patients. Int J Surg Pathol 2021;29:135-45. DOI PubMed PMC
137. Duarte-Neto AN, Monteiro RAA, da Silva LFF, et al. Pulmonary and systemic involvement in COVID-19 patients assessed with

