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Li et al. Microbiome Res Rep 2024;3:26 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/mrr.2023.57 Page 15 of 16

Genomics Institute [OGI-156 and OGI-149], the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of
Canada [NSERC, grant No. 210034], and the Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation
[ORF-DIG-14405 and project 13440].

Conflicts of interest
Figeys D cofounded MedBiome, a clinical microbiomic company. Zhang X is an Editorial Board member of
the journal Microbiome Research Reports. All other authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
The protocol for human stool sample collection (# 20160585-01 H) was approved by the Ottawa Health
Science Network Research Ethics Board at the Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada. Participants signed written
informed consent form to participate.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2024.

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