Page 90 - Read Online

Stuivenberg et al. Microbiome Res Rep 2025;4:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/mrr.2024.22 Page 7 of 18

Table 3. Summary of rodent studies using probiotics relevant to atherosclerosis
Article Strain(s) Summary/main findings
The anti-cholesterolaemic effect of a consortium of probiotics: an acute study in ● Lactobacillus ● C57BL/6J mice
C57BL/6J mice acidophilus CUL21, ● High-fat diet + probiotics for 2
CUL60 weeks
● Bifidobacterium ● Reduced plasma cholesterol
bifidum CUL20 ● Increased fecal bile acids
● Bifidobacterium ● No effect on LDL/HDL ratio
animalis CUL34
● Lactobacillus
plantarum CUL66
Preventive effect and molecular mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus JL1 on food- ● Lactobacillus ● C57BL/6J mice
borne obesity in mice rhamnosus JL1 ● High-fat diet + probiotics for 10
weeks
● Lower body weight
● Reduced liver index
● Improved lipid metabolism via
the AMPK pathway
Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 prevents atherosclerosis via inhibition of ● Lactobacillus ● ApoE-/- mice
intestinal cholesterol absorption in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice acidophilus ATCC 4356 ● Western diet + probiotics for 16
weeks
● Lower plasma cholesterol
● Reduced intestinal cholesterol
absorption and atherosclerosis
The Lab4P consortium of probiotics attenuates atherosclerosis in LDL receptor ● Lactobacillus ● LDL receptor-deficient mice
deficient mice fed a high fat diet and causes plaque stabilization by inhibiting acidophilus CUL21, ● High-fat diet + probiotics for 12
inflammation and several pro-atherogenic processes CUL60 weeks
● Bifidobacterium ● Reduced plaque burden
bifidum CUL20 ● Increased HDL
● Bifidobacterium ● Decreased LDL and plaque
animalis CUL34 stabilization
● Lactobacillus
plantarum CUL66
Lactobacillus mucosae and Bifidobacterium longum synergistically alleviate ● Lactobacillus mucosae ● C57BL/6 mice
immobilization stress-induced anxiety/depression in mice by suppressing gut NK41 ● Immobilization stress +
dysbiosis ● Bifidobacterium probiotics for 3 weeks
longum NK46 ● Alleviated anxiety-like
behaviors
● Reduced gut dysbiosis and
inflammation
Probiotics alleviate oxidative stress in H O -exposed hepatocytes and t-BHP- ● Lactococcus lactis ● C57BL/6 mice
2
2
induced C57BL/6 mice MG5125 ● Oxidative stress induced by t-
● Bifidobacterium BHP + probiotics
bifidum MG731 ● Improved oxidative stress
● Bifidobacterium markers and hepatic enzyme
animalis MG741 activity
Antioxidant activity of Lactobacillus plantarum NJAU-01 in an animal model of aging ● Lactobacillus ● Kun Ming mice
plantarum NJAU-01 ● D-galactose-induced aging +
probiotics
● Increased antioxidant
enzymatic activities
● Reduced lipid oxidation
The probiotic Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 reduces the vascular pro- ● Lactobacillus ● C57BL/6J
oxidant and pro-inflammatory status in obese mice coryniformis CECT5711 ● High-fat diet + probiotics for 12
weeks
● Improved endothelial function
● Reduced oxidative stress and
inflammation
LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase.

harmful effects of TMAO directly as it relates to atherosclerosis. In mice, the oral supplementation of
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CGMCC 8198 slowed atherosclerosis progression by reducing inflammation
and oxidative stress caused by TMAO. There is also evidence to support Lactocasebacillus rhamnosus GG as
an efficient TMAO-reducing strain in both humans and animal models . Interestingly, the effect of L.
[29]