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Page 22 of 35 Boyajian et al. Microbiome Res Rep 2024;3:29 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/mrr.2024.05

Table 5. Recent double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trials on probiotic therapies for obesity and aging

Treatment Key gut microbiota
Probiotic Form Population N Dose Therapeutic effect(s) Ref.
period shifts
10
Obesity Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus Capsule Overweight and obese 59 1 × 10 3 months • Reduced body weight, BMI, Increased: Mo et al.
[211]
plantarum KY1032 males and females in Korea CFU/day waist circumference, body fat Bifidobacteriaceae, (2022)
(aged 19-65; BMI 23-35 mass, lean body mass and Akkermansciaceae,
2
kg/m ) visceral fat area α-diversity
• Decreased leptin and increased
adiponectin Decreased:
Prevotellaceae,
Selenomonadaceae,
Oscillospiraceae
9
Kimchi-derived Lactobacillus plantarum K50 Capsule Obese men and women in 81 4 × 10 3 months • Decreased total cholesterol and Increased: Sohn et al.
[212]
Korea (aged 20-65; BMI CFU/day triglycerides Lactobacillus plantarum (2022)
2
25-30 kg/m ) • Decreased leptin Enterococcus
• Nonsignificant decrease in
waist circumference; no change Decreased:
in body weight or BMI Actinobacteria
9
Milk-derived Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13 Powder Overweight men and 60 2 × 10 3 months • Decreased body weight and Increased: Rahayu et al.
[213]
women in Indonesia (aged CFU/day BMI Bacteroidetes, (2021)
2
35-65; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m ) • No change in SCFAs or lipid Prevotella
profile
Decreased:
Firmicutes
10
Lactobacillus acidophilus NCIMB 30157, Lactobacillus Capsule Overweight men and 70 5 × 10 9 months • Clinical weight loss N/A Michael et al.
[214]
acidophilus NCIMB 30156, Lactobacillus plantarum women in Bulgaria (aged CFU/day • Reduced BMI, waist and hip (2021)
NCIMB 30280, Bifidobacterium bifidum NCIMB 30153 45-65; BMI 25-29.9 circumference
2
and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis NCIMB 30172 kg/m )
10
Aging Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Capsule Men and women with MCI 169 1 × 10 3 months • Improved cognitive Increased: Aljumaah et
[215]
in USA (aged 52-75) CFU/day performance Lactobacillus al. (2022)

Decreased:
Prevotella
10
Lactobacillus plantarum C29-fermented soybean Capsule Men and women with MCI 92 1 × 10 3 months • Improved cognition Increased: Hwang et al.
[216]
in Korea (aged 55-85) CFU/day • Increased serum BDNF levels Lactobacillus (2019)
9
Bifiobacterium bifidum BGN4 and Bifidobacterium longum Capsule Elderly men and women in 53 1 × 10 3 months • Improved frequency of gas Decreased: Kim et al.
[217]
BORI Korea (aged ≥ 65) CFU/day passage and abdominal Eubacterium (2021)
distention Clostridiales
• Improved mental flexibility (i.e., Allisonella
attention and executive function) Prevotellaceae
• Alleviated stress
• Increased serum BDNF
10
Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 Powder Elderly men and women 115 2 × 10 24 weeks • Improved cognitive orientation No significant Asaoka et al.
[218]
with MCI in Japan (aged CFU/day • Suppressed brain atrophy differences (2022)
65-89)