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Figure 2. Sourcing samples from beehives across the nation. (A) Locations of samples of soil, bee debris, or wax that were provided by
beekeepers; (B) The locations and names of Paenibacillus larvae (P. larvae) phages discovered as a result of these efforts.
Figure 3. Representative phage genome maps for Dash (Harrison cluster) and ABAtENZ (Vegas cluster) generated with Phamerator.org,
showing pairwise sequence similarity (shading) and the homologous genes (matching-colored boxes). The shades of color indicate a
combination of length and significance of nucleotide identity, and the large purple blocks are the strongest regions of similarity observed
between phages Dash and ABAtENZ.
[50]
majority of known P. larvae phages . All New Zealand phage genomes encode a conserved
N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase that enables them to lyse their host, similar to all other P. larvae
phages . Phages Dash and Lilo encode a large (975 amino acids) Plx1 toxin that confers virulence to their
[19]
host [51,52] . The presence of this toxin in the genomes of these two phages automatically makes them
unsuitable for therapy applications.
