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the surgeon with pre-existing
< 5 VATE experience (surgeon
B)
24 cases for less
postoperative pneumonia for
surgeon A
21 cases for les postoperative
pneumonia for surgeon B
31-40 cases for decreased
vocal cord palsy and increased
thoracic lymph node yield for
surgeon A
15-49 cases for decreased
vocal cord palsy for surgeon B
Kingma 2020 Netherlands Prospective 70 Da Vinci MIE and ten benign Ivor Lewis; Robotic 1 NR CUSUM 22 cases for decreased
[21] Xi robotic cases thoracic phase
et al. thoracic operating time and
UGIRA pathway intraoperative blood loss
[27]
Park et al. 2017 South Korea Retrospective 140 NR NR McKeown; Robotic NR NR CUSUM 28 cases for increased lymph
thoracic and node yield
abdominal phase
60 cases for decreased vocal
cord palsy rates
80 cases for decreased total
operation time
[20]
Park et al. 2017 South Korea Retrospective 33 Da Vinci No prior thoracoscopic McKeown; Robotic 25 25 CUSUM 20 cases for decreased vocal
Si experience thoracic phase cord palsy rates
Rebecchi 2022 Italy Retrospective 40 Da Vinci MIE Ivor Lewis; Robotic NR NR CUSUM/RA-CUSUM 22 cases for decreased
etal. [29] Xi thoracic phase operating time
19 cases for proficiency
van der Sluis 2018 Netherlands Retrospective 315 Da Vinci MIE McKeown; Robotic 5 20 CUSUM 24 cases for decreased
et al. [23] Proctoring program thoracic phase thoracic and total operating
time
Sarkaria 2016 USA NR 100 NR MIE and single robotic Ivor Lewis; Robotic NR 50 Comparison of 30-45 cases for decreased
et al. [22] cadaveric operation thoracic and Surgeons consecutive 15 patient median operating time
abdominal phase alternated cohorts
between console
and assisting
roles
[18]
Sun et al. 2022 China Retrospective 45 Da Vinci VAME McKeown; Robotic NR NR CUSUM 17 cases for increased left
thoracic and recurrent laryngeal nerve
abdominal phase lymph nodes
Yang et al. [28] 2021 China Retrospective 400 Da Vinci MIE McKeown; Robotic NR NR CUSUM 40 cases for decreased
Si/Xi thoracic and operating time, estimated
abdominal phase blood loss, conversion rates