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Olivero et al. Mini-invasive Surg 2022;6:6 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2021.117 Page 5 of 10

Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of 1240 prostate cancer patients treated with the Retzius-sparing approach at a single European
high-volume center
Preoperative variables (n = 1240)
Age, years, median (IQR) 65 (60-69.3)
BMI, kg/mq, median (IQR) 26.1 (24.2-28.4)
Charlson comorbidity index, n (%)
0 919 (74.1)
1 141 (11.4)
2 120 (9.7)
3 60 (4.8)
Previous abdominal surgery, n (%) 409 (33)
Previous surgery for BPH, n (%) 57 (4.6)
PSA at RS-RARP, ng/mL, median (IQR) 6.9 (5-9.9)
Clinical tumour stage, n (%)
≤ cT2a 703 (56.5)
cT2b 305 (24.6)
cT2c 146 (11.8)
≥ cT3 88 (7.1)
ISUP grade group at prostate biopsy, n (%)
1 582 (46.4)
2 322 (25.8)
3 133 (10.5)
4 152 (12.2)
5 51 (4.1)
EAU risk classification group, n (%)
Low 412 (33.2)
Intermediate 525 (42.4)
High 303 (24.4)
Prostate volume, mL, median (IQR) 42 (32-55)
Intraoperative variables (n = 1240)
Nerve sparing technique, n (%)
Full NS 891 (71.7)
Partial NS 49 (4.1)
Non NS 300 (24.2)

BMI: Body mass index; BPH: benign prostate hyperplasia; PSA: prostate specific antigen; ISUP: International Society of Urological Pathology; RS-
RARP: Retzius-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy; IQR: inter-quartile range; NS: nerve sparing; ISUP: International Society of Urological
Pathology; EAU: European Association of Urology.

counseling of PCa patients and better inform them regarding what to expect after the surgery, we analyzed
the trifecta outcome at 24 months after the surgery. We investigated the possible predictor factors in over
1200 patients who had undergone rs-RARP in a high-volume center. We found that more than 40% of the
patients 24 months after rs-RARP reached the trifecta outcome, regardless of the patients’ age or the NS-
approach used during the surgery.

Moreover, we found that age and NS technique are independent predictors of the trifecta outcome. Lastly,
as previously demonstrated, we observed that the potency rate is the item that most influences the trifecta
rate as only slightly more than 50% of our group was potent after rs-RARP.

Our findings will help better assess the risk of not reaching the trifecta outcome after rs-RARP and give
valuable information for the preoperatory counseling of PCa patients.