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Gharagozloo et al. Mini-invasive Surg 2020;4:48 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2020.35 Page 3 of 19

Figure 2. Thoracoscopic view of the left dorsal thoracic sympathetic chain. Axons from the first neuron (preganglionic) travel within the
dorsal and ventral roots and form the preganglionic sympathetic fibers or rami communicantes albi (purple). Rami communicantes albi
synapse with the second neuron within the sympathetic chain (blue), and postganglionic fibers or ramus communicantes grisei (green)
travel with the intercostal nerves (red). The enlarged areas (ganglia) contain both nerve bodies of the second neuron and axons from
neurons at other levels

Figure 3. Schematic of the sympathetic chain for the purpose of surgical planning. RCA: rami communicantes albi; RCG: rami
communicantes grisei; G: sympathetic ganglion