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Page 4 of 9 Cosgun et al. Mini-invasive Surg 2019;3:32 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2019.024

Table 1. Characteristics of patients, tumors and operations
Patients’ characteristics n = 158 (%)
Gender
Male 102 (64.5%)
Female 56 (35.5%)
Side
Left 66 (41.7%)
Right 92 (58.3%)
Type of operation
Segmentectomy 32 (20.25%)
Segment 6 3
Segment 3 1
Segment 1 1
Segment 1-2 (left) 5
Common basal segmentectomy (7.8.9.10.) 2
Lingulectomy 1
Lingula sparing LUL 11
Segment 2 (right) 8
Lobectomy 126 (79.7%)
LUL 27
LLL 21
RUL 53
RML 8
RLL 16
Bilobectomy 1

LUL: left upper lobectomy; LLL: left lower lobectomy; RUL: right upper lobectomy; RML: right
middle lobectomy; RLL: right lower lobectomy

the Mann-Whitney U and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests. Regression of histopathologic subtypes
and lymph node positivity, and nodal status were analyzed with ANOVA. Resection types (lobectomy,
segmentectomy) and operative technique (VATS, RATS) also were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U
test.

RESULTS
There were 158 patients in the study group with a mean age of 62.36 ± 8.4 (range 42-92). There were 102
male and 56 female patients. Characteristics of the patients, tumors and operations are noted in Table 1.

Operative techniques
Of the patients, 83 underwent RATS and 75 underwent VATS. Mean number of dissected lymph nodes
was 23.3 ± 11.3 (range, 1-57) in the RATS group and 16.3 ± 10.2 (range, 2-49) in the VATS group. Robotic
surgery showed higher numbers of lymph node dissections (P < 0.05). Mean number of positive lymph
nodes was 1.2 ± 2.6 (range, 0-11) in RATS group and 0.3 ± 0.8 (range, 0-4) in the VATS group (P = 0.06).
In final pathology 14 patients were staged as N2, 7 patients were N1, and 62 were N0 in RATS group; 7
patients were N2, 4 patients were N1 and 64 were N0 in the VATS group (P = 0.13; Table 2).

The mean number of dissected lymph nodes was 22.5 ± 11.05 in patients who underwent lobectomy,
which was significantly higher than that in patients who underwent segmentectomy (14.5 ± 10.5; P < 0.05).
However, the numbers of positive lymph nodes were comparable between the groups (0.75 ± 1.9 vs. 0.6 ± 1.9,
respectively; P = 0.36).

Tumor size
According to the 8th Tumor, Nodes, and Metastases (TNM) classification, 108 patients had pathologic
stage T1 (11 T1a, 69 T1b, 28 T1c), 34 stage T2 (23 T2a, 11 T2b), and 16 stage T3 tumors. A total of 26 patients