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Author Instructions

2.4.7 Abbreviations
Abbreviations should be defined upon first appearance in the abstract, main text, and in figure or table captions and used
consistently thereafter. Non-standard abbreviations are not allowed unless they appear at least three times in the text.
Commonly-used abbreviations, such as DNA, RNA, ATP, etc., can be used directly without definition. Abbreviations in
titles and keywords should be avoided, except for the ones which are widely used.
2.4.8 Italics
General italic words like vs., et al., etc., in vivo, in vitro; t test, F test, U test; related coefficient as r, sample number as n,
and probability as P; names of genes; names of bacteria and biology species in Latin.

2.4.9 Units
SI Units should be used. Imperial, US customary and other units should be converted to SI units whenever possible. There
is a space between the number and the unit (i.e., 23 mL). Hour, minute, second should be written as h, min, s.

2.4.10 Numbers
Numbers appearing at the beginning of sentences should be expressed in English. When there are two or more numbers
in a paragraph, they should be expressed as Arabic numerals; when there is only one number in a paragraph, number < 10
should be expressed in English and number > 10 should be expressed as Arabic numerals. 12345678 should be written as
12,345,678.

2.4.11 Equations
Equations should be editable and not appear in a picture format. Authors are advised to use either the Microsoft Equation
Editor or the MathType for display and inline equations.
2.5 Submission Link
Submit an article via https://www.oaecenter.com/login?JournalId=mis.
3. Research and Publication Ethics
3.1 Research Involving Human Subjects
All studies involving human subjects must be in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and seek approval to conduct
the study from an independent local, regional, or national review body (e.g., ethics committee, institutional review board,
etc.). Such approval, including the names of the ethics committee, institutional review board, etc., must be listed in a
declaration statement of Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate in the manuscript. If the study is judged exempt
from ethics approval, related information (e.g., name of the ethics committee granting the exemption and the reason for
the exemption) must be listed. Further documentation on ethics should also be prepared, as editors may request more
detailed information. Manuscripts with suspected ethical problems will be investigated according to COPE Guidelines.

3.1.1 Consent to Participate
For all studies involving human subjects, informed consent to participate in the studies must be obtained from
participants, or their parents or legal guardians for children under 16. Statements regarding consent to participate should
be included in a declaration statement of Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate in the manuscript. If informed
consent is not required, the name of the ethics committee granting the exemption and the reason for the exemption must
be listed. If any ethical violation is found at any stage of publication, the issue will be investigated seriously based on
COPE Guidelines.

3.1.2 Consent for Publication
All articles published by OAE are freely available on the Internet. All manuscripts that include individual participants’
data in any form (i.e., details, images, videos, etc.) will not be published without Consent for Publication obtained from
that person(s), or for children, their parents or legal guardians. If the person has died, Consent for Publication must be
obtained from the next of kin. Authors must add a declaration statement of Consent for Publication in the manuscript,
specifying written informed consent for publication has been obtained.

3.1.3 Ethical Approval and Informed Consent for Retrospective/Database Studies
Researchers must confirm they have obtained ethical approval from ethical review boards to perform the study, as
well as permission from the dataset owner to use the information in databases for the purposes of the research they are
performing. If permission to use information from a database is not required (e.g., it is publicly available and unrestricted
re-use is permitted under an open license), a statement explaining this must be included in the manuscript. For studies
which ethics approval has been waived, authors must state clearly in the manuscript and provide brief details of the waive
policy. The statement should include details of the policies under which the waive was granted.
Authors must keep data anonymized. If participants’ details are not to be anonymized, authors must ensure that written
informed consent, including consent for publication, was obtained from each participant, and consent statement must be
included in the manuscript.

Mini-invasive Surgery XI