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Chen et al. Mini-invasive Surg 2018;2:42 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2018.59 Page 15 of 17

algorithms and technical advances with assessment of both oncologic and functional outcomes. An ideal
trial looking at quality of life would be a large randomized controlled trial with adequate power, baseline
and long term quality of life assessment with a high response rate using the most commonly-used and vali-
dated questionnaires.

CONCLUSION
MIS in the treatment of rectal cancer is ever evolving, with a continuous effort to achieve equivalent if
not better oncologic outcomes with less surgical trauma and maintain, and possibly improve functional
outcomes. Surgeons continue to use new tools and approaches to maximize patient benefit. Future studies
should include surgeons with proficient experience in new minimally invasive robotic and transanal rectal
cancer surgery, all in an effort to help patients live longer and live better.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Conception and design of the work, acquisition, analysis, interpretation of data, drafting and revising the
work: Chen JH, Bello BL
Conception and design of the work, revising the work: Ayscue JM, Bayasi M, Fitzgerald JF, Stahl TJ

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2018.

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