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Author Instructions

statistical hypothesis testing, such as P values, which fail to convey important information about effect size and precision
of estimates. References for the design of the study and statistical methods should be to standard works when possible (with
pages stated). Define statistical terms, abbreviations, and most symbols. Specify the statistical software package(s) and
versions used. Distinguish prespecified from exploratory analyses, including subgroup analyses.

2.3.2.3 Results
Present your results in logical sequence in the text, tables, and figures, giving the main or most important findings first. Do
not repeat all the data in the tables or figures in the text; emphasize or summarize only the most important observations.
Provide data on all primary and secondary outcomes identified in the Methods Section. Extra or supplementary materials
and technical details can be placed in an appendix where they will be accessible but will not interrupt the flow of the text,
or they can be published solely in the electronic version of the journal.
Give numeric results not only as derivatives (for example, percentages) but also as the absolute numbers from which the
derivatives were calculated. Restrict tables and figures to those needed to explain the argument of the paper and to assess
supporting data. Use graphs as an alternative to tables with many entries; do not duplicate data in graphs and tables. Avoid
nontechnical uses of technical terms in statistics, such as “random” (which implies a randomizing device), “normal,”
“significant,” “correlations,” and “sample.”
Separate reporting of data by demographic variables, such as age and sex, facilitate pooling of data for subgroups across
studies and should be routine, unless there are compelling reasons not to stratify reporting, which should be explained.

2.3.2.4 Discussion
It is useful to begin the discussion by briefly summarizing the main findings, and explore possible mechanisms or
explanations for these findings. Emphasize the new and important aspects of your study and put your findings in the context
of the totality of the relevant evidence. State any limitations of your study, and explore the implications of your findings
for future research and for clinical practice or policy. Discuss the influence or association of variables, such as sex and/or
gender, on your findings, where appropriate, and the limitations of the data. Do not repeat in detail data or other information
given in other parts of the manuscript, such as in the Introduction or the Results section. Link the conclusions with the
goals of the study but avoid unqualified statements and conclusions not adequately supported by the data. In particular,
distinguish between clinical and statistical significance, and avoid making statements on economic benefits and costs
unless the manuscript includes the appropriate economic data and analyses. Avoid claiming priority or alluding to work
that has not been completed. State new hypotheses when warranted, but label them clearly.

2.3.2.5 Conclusion
It should state clearly the main conclusions and include the explanation of their relevance or importance to the field.

2.3.3 Back Matter
2.3.3.1 Acknowledgments
Anyone who contributed towards the article but does not meet the criteria for authorship, including those who provided
professional writing services or materials, should be acknowledged. Authors should obtain permission to acknowledge
from all those mentioned in the Acknowledgments section. This section is not added if the author does not have anyone to
acknowledge.
2.3.3.2 Authors’ Contributions
Each author is expected to have made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work, or the acquisition,
analysis, or interpretation of data, or the creation of new software used in the work or have drafted the work or substantively
revised it.
Please use Surname and Initial of Forename to refer to an author’s contribution. For example, made substantial contributions
to conception and design of the study and performed data analysis and interpretation: Salas H, Castaneda WV; performed
data acquisition, as well as provided administrative, technical, and material support: Castillo N, Young V.
If an article is single-authored, please include “The author contributed solely to the article.” in this section.
2.3.3.3 Availability of Data and Materials
In order to maintain the integrity, transparency and reproducibility of research records, authors should include this section
in their manuscripts, detailing where the data supporting their findings can be found. Data can be deposited into data
repositories or published as supplementary information in the journal. Authors who cannot share their data should state
that the data will not be shared and explain it. If a manuscript does not involve such issue, please state “Not applicable.” in
this section.

2.3.3.4 Financial Support and Sponsorship
All sources of funding for the study reported should be declared. The role of the funding body in the experiment design,
collection, analysis and interpretation of data, and writing of the manuscript should be declared. Any relevant grant numbers
and the link of funder’s website should be provided if any. If the study is not involved with this issue, state “None.” in this
section.