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Li et al. J. Mater. Inf. 2026, 6, 10 Page 25 of 31
Manuscript drafting: Li, C.; Ran, N.
Manuscript editing: Ran, N.; Liu, J.
Review and approval of the final manuscript: Li, C.; Ran, N.; Liu, J.
Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.
Financial support and sponsorship
This work was supported by the Advanced Materials-National Science and Technology Major Project
(2025ZD0619500, 2025ZD0613500), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22133005,
22403103), the China Academy of Engineering Science Technology Strategic Consultation Project
(2025-XZ-3), the AI for Science Program, the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy and
Informatization (2025-GZL-RGZN-BTBX-01005), the Shanghai Sailing Program (23YF1454900), and the
Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (25CL2902100).
Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2026.
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