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Ye et al. J Mater Inf 2023;3:15 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/jmi.2023.08 Page 5 of 37

show two eutectic transformations (L ↔ Fe Er + Fe Er at 1,588 K and L ↔ Fe Er + hcp-Er at 1,188 K).
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Fe Er , Fe Er , and Fe Er are produced by three peritectic transformations (L + fcc-Fe ↔ Fe Er at 1628 K,
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L + Fe Er ↔ Fe Er at 1,603 K, and L + Fe Er ↔ Fe Er at 1,618 K), while Fe Er melts congruently at 1,633 K.
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The solubility in terminal solid solution phases (hcp-Er, fcc-Fe, and bcc-Fe) was not found in the literature.
The heat capacity of Fe Er at low temperature (8-300 K) was measured by Germano and Butera using an
[101]
2
adiabatic calorimeter, and thermodynamic functions and were obtained. The enthalpies
of formation of the Fe-Er intermetallic compounds at different temperatures were
measured [44,54,103] . Using indirect solution calorimetry, the enthalpies of formation of Fe Er and Fe Er were
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2
reported at 1,100 K. The enthalpy of formation of Fe Er was studied , while that of Fe Er was
[103]
[54]
2
2
17
[44]
determined .
The Fe-Er binary system was calculated by several researchers [19,110-112] . It was pointed out that the magnetism
of the Fe-Er intermetallic compounds was not considered in the calculation . Considering the
[110]
experimental heat capacity of Fe Er , the Fe-Er binary system was re-evaluated . Although the
[101]
[111]
2
calculations are consistent with the results , the obtained heat capacity of Fe Er at low temperature
[111]
[106]
2
(below 30 K) displays a noticeable deviation from the experimental results . Besides, Fe Er and Fe Er are
[101]
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3
17
decomposed at low temperatures (below 600 K) , which are contradictory to the experimental
[112]
information. Therefore, the Fe-Er binary system is re-assessed in this study.
Fe-Lu
[88]
The Fe-Lu binary system has been studied , and four Fe Lu , Fe Lu , Fe Lu, and Fe Lu intermetallic
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compounds were found. There are three peritectic reactions (1,593 K, 1,563 K, and 1,583 K), which are
corresponding to the formation of Fe Lu , Fe Lu , and Fe Lu, respectively. The congruent reaction at
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1,618 K is corresponding to the formation of Fe Lu. Two eutectic transformations are L ↔ Fe Lu + hcp-Lu at
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1,243 K and 75 at.% Lu, and L ↔ Fe Lu + Fe Lu at 1,548 K and 17.8 at.% Lu, respectively. The solubility in
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terminal solid solution was not measured in the literature.
The thermodynamic properties in liquid Fe-Lu alloys were determined at 1,950 K . The heat capacity, the
[53]
enthalpy difference , and the entropy of formation of Fe Lu at low temperature (10-300 K)
2 2
were measured . Tereshina and Andreev investigated the heat capacity of Fe Lu at low temperature.
[101]
[113]
17
2
[54]
The enthalpy of formation of Fe Lu was studied , while that of Fe Lu was reported .
[44]
2
2
[90]
The Fe-Lu binary system has been calculated . However, the calculated thermodynamic properties
including the partial enthalpy of mixing and the enthalpy of mixing are inconsistent with new measured
data . Thus, the Fe-Er binary system needs to be reassessed.
[53]
Fe-Y
The Fe-Y binary system has been investigated experimentally [114,115] . Due to the limitation of the purity of
raw materials and experimental equipment, the experimental results are not acceptable. Domagala et al.
[114]
[115]
determined the eutectic reaction (L ↔ hcp-Y + Fe Y at 1,173 K) by metallography and X-ray diffraction .
2
The intermetallic compounds Fe Y , Fe Y , and Fe Y are produced by congruent reactions at 1,673 ± 25 K,
23 6
17 2
3
[117]
1,573 K, and 1,608 K, respectively. Gscheidner and Kubaschewski assessed the Fe-Y system in
[116]
consideration of the experimental information . The most recent evaluation of the Fe-Y system was
[115]
[118]
carried out . However, this evaluation focused only on the information of intermetallic compounds.
[119]
Hellawell reported that the solubility of 1 at.% Y reduces the transformation temperature
[fcc(γ-Fe)/bcc(δ-Fe)], but Kubaschewski still considered that the effect of Y on the transformation
[117]