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environmental chemicals via breast milk and formula.
The papers cover research on brominated flame retardants, hexabromocyclododecanes, polybrominated
[4]
diphenyl ethers, and dechlorane in breast milk in Copenhagen , an improved and updated toxicokinetic
model developed by the Minnesota Department of Health, which focuses on serum levels of per- and
polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) , concentrations of 10 PFAS in 17 different powdered formulas sold in
[5]
the USA and toxicokinetic modeling of serum perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) concentration curves
during the first year of life , polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane
[6]
[7]
(HBCD) in breast milk in Canada , early-life exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and effects on
the gastrointestinal tract in the neonatal pig , and persistent organic chemicals in breast milk in Belgium .
[8]
[9]
These studies advance our knowledge and understanding of infant exposure to environmental chemicals via
feeding. The Editors of this Special Issue hope that these high-quality contributions can stimulate further
research on the critical topic.
DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Preparation and writing: Domingo JL, LaKind JS
Both authors contributed equally to the article.
Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.
Financial support and sponsorship
None.
Conflicts of interest
Domingo JL is the Guest Editor of the Special Issue “Environmental Chemicals in Breast Milk and Infant
Formula: Measurements, Interpretation and Communication”. LaKind JS is the Guest Editor of the Special
Issue “Environmental Chemicals in Breast Milk and Infant Formula: Measurements, Interpretation and
Communication” and an Editorial Board member of Journal of Environmental Exposure Assessment.
Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2024.
REFERENCES
1. Shetty SS, Deepthi D, Harshitha S, et al. Environmental pollutants and their effects on human health. Heliyon 2023;9:e19496. DOI
PubMed PMC
2. Sly J, Carpenter DO. Special vulnerability of children to environmental exposures. Rev Environ Health 2012;27:151-7. DOI PubMed
3. Laug EP, Kunze FM, Prickett CS. Occurrence of DDT in human fat and milk. AMA Arch Ind Hyg Occup Med 1951;3:245-6. PubMed
4. Hammel SC, Vorkamp K, Nielsen JB, Sørensen LS, Knudsen LE, Frederiksen M. Novel and legacy brominated flame retardants in
human breast milk and house dust from Denmark. J Environ Expo Assess 2024;3:8. DOI
5. Greene CW, Bogdan AR, Goeden HM. A revised and improved toxicokinetic model to simulate serum concentrations of

