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[6]
and Kolmakova reviewed current advances in searching for circulating biomarkers for pediatric brain
tumors, including cell-free DNA, non-coding RNA, tumor metabolites, and proteins in body fluids, such
[7]
as cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and urine. On the other hand, the review article by Farlow et al. discussed
applications of biomarkers in design of clinical trials. These reviews and discussions on advances and
challenges in biomarker discoveries stimulate new thinking on addressing the challenges encountered in
the field of cancer biomarker discoveries and precision therapies.

The authors of four original articles reported results of their research projects on the discovery of new
[8]
cancer biomarkers. Vander Borght et al. described the generation and evaluation of monoclonal
antibodies specific for exon 18 neural cell adhesion molecule for detecting small cell lung cancer cells.
[9]
Ossoliński et al. reported their study on mass spectrometry-based metabolomics profiling of prostate
cancer. They found over two hundred differentiating metabolites in urine, serum, and interstitial fluid of
[10]
prostate cancer patients. The study presented by Zaichick et al. showed that contents of several chemical
elements were drastically different between thyroid malignant tumors and normal thyroid tissues. Finally,
[11]
Liu et al. reported the results of using visible resonance Raman spectroscopy for rapid skin cancer
diagnosis.

I hope you enjoy reading the articles in this Special Issue on biomarker discoveries. I also want to thank
Dina Li for her assistance in organizing this Special Issue.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
The author contributed solely to the article.

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
Not applicable.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2020.

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3. Cohen JD, Li L, Wang Y, Thoburn C, Afsari B, et al. Detection and localization of surgically resectable cancers with a multi-analyte blood
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4. Lai RC, Tan KH, Lim SK. Membrane lipid binding molecules for the isolation of bona fide extracellular vesicle types and associated