Page 339 - Read Online
P. 339
Page 6 of 7 Mizejewski. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2018;4:27 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2018.20
One such group of potential metastatic disruptive agents could include plasma-, ECM-, and angiogenic
protein-encrypted peptide fragments as discussed above. Such metastatic (migration) interfering peptides
might be therapeutically beneficial to BC patients in early stages of micro-metastasis. Small peptides are
known to have short half-lives (hours), little or no side effects, and could be intravenously administered.
The screening of CTCs using the “signature” identification methodology, followed by peptide therapy, could
potentially provide a novel 2-step detection/therapy strategy for select cancer patients with early metastatic
disease.
DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Mizejewski GJ contributed solely to the commentary.
Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.
Financial support and sponsorship
None.
Conflicts of interest
The author declared that there are no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2018.
REFERENCES
1. Lin X, Deangelis LM. Treatment of brain metastases. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:3475-84.
2. Stewart BW, Wild C, editors. World Cancer Report 2014. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2014. p. 1-20.
3. Cooper JB, Ronecker JS, Tobias ME, Mohan AL, Hillard V, Murali R, Gandhi CD, Schmidt MH, Jhanwar-Uniyal M. Molecular sequence
of events and signaling pathways in cerebral metastases. Anticancer Res 2018;38:1859-77.
4. Rack B, Schindlbeck C, Juckstock J, Andergassen U, Hepp P, Zwingers T, Friedl TW, Lorenz R, Tesch H, Fasching PA, Fehm T,
Schneeweiss A, Lichtenegger W, Beckmann MW, Friese K, Pantel K, Janni W. Circulating tumor cells predict survival in early average-to-
high risk breast cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014;106:1-30.
5. Rhim AD, Mirek ET, Aiello NM, Maitra A, Bailey JM, McAllister F, Reichert M, Beatty GL, Rustgi AK, Vonderheide RH, Leach SD,
Stanger BZ. EMT and dissemination precede pancreatic tumor formation. Cell 2012;148:349-61.
6. Meng S, Tripathy D, Frenkel EP, Shete S, Naftalis EZ, Huth JF, Beitsch PD, Leitch M, Hoover S, Euhus D, Haley B, Morrison L, Fleming
TP, Herlyn D, Terstappen LW, Fehm T, Tucker TF, Lane N, Wang J, Uhr JW. Circulating tumor cells in patients with breast cancer
dormancy. Clin Cancer Res 2004;10:8152-62.
7. Tsao MN. Brain metastases: advances over the decades. Ann Palliat Med 2015;4:225-32.
8. Welch HG, Gorski DH, Albertsen PC. Trends in metastatic breast and prostate cancer--lessons in cancer dynamics. N Engl J Med
2015;373:1685-7.
9. Gupta GP, Massague J. Cancer metastasis: building a framework. Cell 2006;127:679-95.
10. Boral D, Vishnoi M, Liu HN, Yin W, Sprouse ML, Scamardo A, Hong DS, Tan TZ, Thiery JP, Chang JC, Marchetti D. Molecular
characterization of breast cancer CTCs associated with brain metastasis. Nat Commun 2017;8:196-204.
11. Yu M, Bardia A, Wittner BS, Stott SL, Smas ME, Ting DT, Isakoff SJ, Ciciliano JC, Wells MN, Shah AM, Concannon KF, Donaldson MC,
Sequist LV, Brachtel E, Sgroi D, Baselga J, Ramaswamy S, Toner M, Haber DA, Maheswaran S. Circulating breast tumor cells exhibit
dynamic changes in epithelial and mesenchymal composition. Science 2013;339:580-4.
12. Hyun KA, Koo GB, Han H, Sohn J, Choi W, Kim SI, Jung HI, Kim YS. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition leads to loss of EpCAM and