Page 24 - Read Online

Ashdown. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2022;8:6 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2022.01 Page 7 of 9

homeostatic nature of tolerance. Put simply. It appears possible to use the TME’s underlying immunology
to be our best tumour-specific rational drug design factory.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
The author contributed solely to the article.

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
The author declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2022.

REFERENCES
1. Fishbein M. Progress in medical science-IV. Scientific American 1926;134:26-7. DOI
2. The 2007-2008 President’s Cancer Panel Report. Available from: https://deainfo.nci.nih.gov/Advisory/pcp/archive/pcp07-
08rpt/ExecSum.pdf [Last accessed on 25 Feb 2022].
3. Hall SS. Commotion in the blood. Henry Holt and Company. 1998. p. 249.
4. Beardsley T. A war not won. Scientific American 1994;270:130-8. DOI
5. Tuma RS. Large trials, small gains: is change on the way? J Natl Cancer Inst 2010;102:1216-17, 1223. DOI PubMed
6. Hall SS. Commotion in the blood. Henry Holt and Company. 1998 p. 30.
7. Hall SS. Commotion in the blood. Henry Holt and Company. 1998 p. 123.
8. Janssen LME, Ramsay EE, Logsdon CD, Overwijk WW. The immune system in cancer metastasis: friend or foe? J Immunother
Cancer 2017;5:79. DOI PubMed PMC
9. Visser KE, Eichten A, Coussens LM. Paradoxical roles of the immune system during cancer development. Nat Rev Cancer 2006;6:24-
37. DOI PubMed
10. Burugu S, Dancsok AR, Nielsen TO. Emerging targets in cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2018;52:39-52. DOI PubMed
11. Greten FR, Grivennikov SI. Inflammation and cancer: triggers, mechanisms, and consequences. Immunity 2019;51:27-41. DOI
PubMed PMC
12. Lippitz BE. Cytokine patterns in patients with cancer: a systematic review. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:e218-28. DOI PubMed
13. Lippitz BE, Harris RA. Cytokine patterns in cancer patients: a review of the correlation between interleukin 6 and prognosis.
Oncoimmunology 2016;5:e1093722. DOI PubMed PMC
14. Ihde DC. Paraneoplastic syndromes. Hosp Pract (Off Ed) 1987;22:105-12, 117. DOI PubMed
15. Maverakis E, Goodarzi H, Wehrli LN, Ono Y, Garcia MS. The etiology of paraneoplastic autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol
2012;42:135-44. DOI PubMed
16. Whiteside TL. Immune suppression in cancer: effects on immune cells, mechanisms and future therapeutic intervention. Semin Cancer
Biol 2006;16:3-15. DOI PubMed
17. Stewart TJ, Smyth MJ. Improving cancer immunotherapy by targeting tumor-induced immune suppression. Cancer Metastasis Rev
2011;30:125-40. DOI PubMed
18. Davis MM, Bjorkman PJ. T-cell antigen receptor genes and T-cell recognition. Nature 1988;334:395-402. DOI PubMed
19. Macdonald IK, Parsy-Kowalska CB, Chapman CJ. Autoantibodies: opportunities for early cancer detection. Trends Cancer
2017;3:198-213. DOI PubMed
20. Wu J, Li X, Song W, et al. The roles and applications of autoantibodies in progression, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of human