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escalate treatment for optimized antitumor effect and tolerance. As contemporary studies feed into this
framework through exploration of additional biological axes pertinent for RCC biology and therapeutic
effects, a new era for enhancing these combinations even further may soon come within reach.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Writing, reviewing, and editing: Kotecha RR, Voss MH

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
Kotecha RR has served as a consultant/advisory board member for Eisai, and reports receiving institutional
research support from Pfizer and Takeda. Voss MH reports receiving commercial research support from
Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer and Genentech/Roche; honoraria from Novartis and Bristol-Myers Squibb;
travel/accommodation from Astra Zeneca, Eisai, Novartis and Takeda; consultant/advisory board member
for Aveo, Calithera Biosciences, Corvus Pharmaceuticals, Exelixis, Eisai, Merck, Onquality Pharmaceuticals,
Novartis and Pfizer.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2021.

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