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Figure 12. Chemical structures of phytochemicals and their metabolites. EGCG and metabolites - EGC, 4’-MeEGC; 4’,4’-diMeEGCG,
5-(3’, 4’-dihydroxyphenyl-γ-valerolactone (M6); 5-(3’, 4’, 5’- triihydroxyphenyl-γ-valerolactone (M4); 5-(3’, 5’- dihydroxyphenyl-
γ-valerolactone (M6’). Curcumin and metabolites - tetrahydrocurcumin, hexahydrocurcumin, hexahydrocurcuminol. Lycopene and
metabolites - apo-10’a-lycopenoic acid, acylclo-retinoic acid, all-trans-retinoic acid. Sulforaphane and metabolites - sulforapahane-
GSH, sulforapahane cysteinylglycine. Anthocyanin and metabolites - syringic acid, ferulic acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid,
m-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, gallic acid. Resveratrol and metabolites - trans-resveratrol (RSV), trans-resveratrol-3-O-sulfate, trans-
resveratrol-4’-O-sulfate, trans-resveratrol-3,4’-O-disulfate, trans-resveratrol-3-O-glucuronide, trans-resveratrol-4’-O-glucuronide,
dihydroresveratrol (DHR), 3,4’-O-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene, lunularin. Silibinin and metabolites - 20-O-β-D-Glu, 7-O-β-D-Glu,
O-demethylated metabolite