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Fiordoliva et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2019;5:59 Journal of Cancer
DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2019.23 Metastasis and Treatment

Case Report Open Access

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis in
prostate adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine

differentiation: a case report and literature review

Ilaria Fiordoliva , Giulia Marcantognini , Silvia Rinaldi , Alessia Cimadamore , Rodolfo Montironi ,
1
1
1
2
2
Rossana Berardi 1
1 Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-GM Lancisi-G Salesi, Via Conca 71, Ancona
60126, Italy.
2 Section of Pathological Anatomy, Università Politecnica delle Marche, School of Medicine, Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-GM
Lancisi-G Salesi, Via Conca 71, Ancona 60126, Italy.
Correspondence to: Rossana Berardi, Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-GM
Lancisi- G Salesi, Via Conca 71, Ancona 60126, Italy. E-mail: r.berardi@univpm.it
How to cite this article: Prof. Berardi R. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis in prostate adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine
differentiation: a case report and literature review. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2019;5:59. DOI:10.20517/2394-4722.2019.23
Received: 12 Mar 2019 First Decision: 11 Apr 2019 Revised: 20 Apr 2019 Accepted: 27 Jun 2019 Published: 30 Jul 2019

Science Editor: Chun Hei Antonio Cheung Copy Editor: Cai-Hong Wang Production Editor: Jing Yu

Abstract

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) is a common paraneoplastic syndrome commonly associated with
thoracic malignancies, gastrointestinal cancers and kidney tumors. It is defined as hyponatremia in euvolemic
patients, often due to abnormal secretion of antidiuretic hormone by tumor cells. Tolvaptan, a vasopressin-2-
receptor antagonist, is currently recommended for patients affected by SIAD with mild or moderate symptoms.
Among patients with prostatic cancer, SIAD represents a rare condition but it is frequently associated with poorly
differentiated adenocarcinoma or pure small-cell carcinoma histotype. We report a case of SIAD appeared at
disease progression in a 60-year-old male patient with acinar adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation
together with a literature review.

Keywords: Hyponatremia, prostate cancer, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis, neuroendocrine differentiation

INTRODUCTION
Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in Western men, with estimated
[1]
1,600,000 cases annually . The recent World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 classification

© The Author(s) 2019. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
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