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Sawayama et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2018;4:10 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2017.79 Page 11 of 15

The microenvironments of GC are associated with lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, lymph
node metastasis and survival of GC patients [Table 1]. The interaction between GC cells and the
microenvironments of GC is increasingly being recognized, and the microenvironments of GC, as well as GC
cells, may have become a target of anticancer strategies. Future studies may investigate whether inhibitors of
the interaction between GC cells and the microenvironments improve GC patient prognosis in preclinical
studies. Much research in the field of microenvironments of GC and the accumulation of molecular
biological investigation are important for improving the management of GC and overcoming this disease in
the future.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Drafting of the manuscript: Sawayama H
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Ishimoto T, Baba H

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.

Patient consent
Not applicable.

Ethics approval
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2018.

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