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Hu et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2018;4:39 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2018.08 Page 5 of 8

Recently, the perinuclear compartment (PNC), a complex nuclear structure associated with metastatic
behaviors of cancer cells has drawn much attention [69,70] . Metarrestin, a PNC inhibitor, inhibits invasion in
vitro, suppresses distant metastatic development in three mouse models of human cancer . The invasion is
[71]
required for the formation of PD, suggesting that metarrestin could also disturb the metastatic cascade of
PD. Metarrestin will be submitted to the Food and Drug Administration for approval as an investigational
drug in the near future.

CONCLUSION
The formation of PD is a multistep process, in which cancer cells must detach from the primary tumor, adapt
to the microenvironment of the peritoneal cavity, and develop disseminated nodules. GC is characterized
by genome instability and intratumoral heterogeneity, which contribute to the development of cancer by
enabling adaptation to any change in environment. The same genomic/epigenomic alterations across all
clones maybe an attractive therapeutic target for GC patients with PD. Further elucidation of the molecular
mechanism underlying PD is essential for developing novel treatments and improving the outcome of GC
patients with PD.

DECLARATIONS
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Dr. Yuta Kouyama for English proofreading in this manuscript.

Authors’ contributions
Designed the study, and wrote the initial draft of the manuscript: Hu QJ
Modified the draft of the manuscript: Ito S
Collected and interpreted the data, and critically reviewed the manuscript: Yanagihara K, Mimori K
Approved the final version of the manuscript: All authors

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2018.

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