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Matsuoka et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2018;4:6                  Journal of Cancer
               DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2017.85                           Metastasis and Treatment




               Review                                                                        Open Access


               Significance of peritoneal lavage cytology based on
               genetic signatures in gastric cancer



               Tasuku Matsuoka , Masakazu Yashiro 1, 2
                              1
               1 Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
               2 Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.

               Correspondence to: Dr. Masakazu Yashiro, Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of
               Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. E-mail: m9312510@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
               How to cite this article: Matsuoka T, Yashiro M. Significance of peritoneal lavage cytology based on genetic signatures in gastric
               cancer. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2018;4:6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2017.85
               Received: 12 Oct 2017    First Decision: 5 Jan 2018    Revised: 11 Jan 2018    Accepted: 17 Jan 2018    Published: 9 Feb 2018

               Science Editor: Masayuki Watanabe    Copy Editor: Jun-Yao Li    Production Editor: Cai-Hong Wang



               Abstract
               Peritoneal metastasis is the most common pattern of recurrence and the most frequent cause of death after surgery in
               patients with gastric cancer. Peritoneal free cancer cells disseminated from the primary lesion site have been considered the
               main cause of peritoneal metastasis. Peritoneal lavage cytological examination (PLC) has been shown to be an independent
               predictor of gastric cancer relapse after curative resection and poor overall survival. However, the conventional cytological
               examinations have high rates of false-positive and false-negative findings. To improve the sensitivity, molecular-based
               methods using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction have been developed for detecting cancer cells in
               peritoneal wash fluids of patients with gastric cancer. We performed a PubMed search for articles describing PLC in gastric
               cancer. Relevant articles were reviewed and data on available outcomes elaborated. The clinical roles and attributes of PLC
               in gastric cancer were reviewed, and its future application to this disease is discussed.


               Keywords: Gastric cancer, peritoneal lavage cytology, genetic detection, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction,
               carcinoembryonic antigen


               INTRODUCTION
               Gastric cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related
                    [1]
               death . Despite the development of surgical techniques and new therapeutic strategies, the outcome of
               patients with advanced gastric cancer is still unsatisfactory . Peritoneal dissemination is the most common
                                                                 [2]
               pattern of metastasis or recurrence, and is the most frequent cause of death after surgery in patients
               with gastric cancer. Intraperitoneal free cancer cells exfoliated from the cancer-invaded serosa has been


                           © The Author(s) 2018. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
                           International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use,
                sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as long
                as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license,
                and indicate if changes were made.


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