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Page 4 of 15 Wang et al. Hepatoma Res 2020;6:61 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2020.55

Table 1. Overview of CTC detection technology
Platform Enrichment method Phenotypic Markers Study cohort Blood CTC Ref.
volume positive rate
Immunoaffinity-based method
CellSearch Immunomagnetic EpCAM, CK8/18/19 964 metastatic 7.5 mL 36.0% [16]
platform carcinomas, 199 NLD, and (≥ 2 CTCs)
145 HD
Flow cytometric Immunomagnetic CD90 34 HCC, 19 LC, and 19 HD 10 mL 91.2% [44]
analysis
Flow cytometric Flow cytometry ICAM-1 60 HCC NA 50.0% [46]
analysis
ASGPR sorting Immunomagnetic ASGPR, Hep Par 1 85 HCC, 37 NLD, 20 HD, 5 mL 81.0% [67]
and 14 patients with other
advanced cancers
ASGPR sorting Density gradient ASGPR, pan-cytokeratin, 27 HCC patients 5 mL 89.0% [68]
centrifugation and CPS1
Immunomagnetic
Glypican-3 Density gradient Glypican-3 85 HCC patients 8 mL 38.8% [69]
sorting centrifugation and (≥ 5 CTCs)
Immunomagnetic
NanoVelcro CTC Microfluidic device ASGPR, glypican-3, 61 HCC, 11 NLD, and 8 HD 4 mL 97.0% [70]
assay EpCAM, vimentin
Biophysical properties-based method
qRT-PCR-based Density gradient AFP (mRNA) 44 HCC, and 7 HD 5 mL 72.7% [39]
platform centrifugation and Ficoll-
Paque
qRT-PCR-based Density gradient Cytokeratin 20 (mRNA) 65 patients with colorectal 10 mL 41.4% [50]
platform centrifugation and Ficoll- cancer
Paque
qRT-PCR-based Density gradient Cytokeratin 20 (mRNA) 37 patients with 10 mL 30.0% [51]
platform centrifugation and gastrointestinal tumors
OncoQuick
ISET platform Microfiltration AFP (mRNA) 37 HCC 15 mL 42.9% [54]
ISET platform Microfiltration AFP 44 patients with primary 6 mL 52.3% [55]
liver cancer, 30 patients
with chronic active
hepatitis, 39 LC, and 38
HD
ScreenCell Microfiltration Cytokeratins NA NA NA [56]
platform
CTC-Chip Microfluidic device EpCAM 116 patients with 1 mL 99.0% [58]
metastatic cancer
HB-Chip Microfluidic device EpCAM 15 patients with 1 mL 93.0% [59]
metastatic cancer
CTC-iChip Microfluidic device Cytokeratins NA 8 mL 97.0% [60]
Cluster-Chip Microfluidic device Cytokeratins, Ki67 27 patients with breast 1 mL 30%-40% [61]
cancer, 20 patients with
melanoma, and 13 patients
with prostate cancer
qRT-PCR-based Density gradient EpCAM (mRNA) 299 HCC, and 120 HD 5 mL 41.2% [71]
platform centrifugation and
RosetteSep Human CD45
Depletion Cocktail
digital PCR-based Microfluidic device and 10 liver-specific 16 HCC, and 31 NLD 4 mL 56.0% [72]
platform immunomagnetic transcripts (mRNA)
CanPatrol Microfiltration EpCAM, CK8/18/19, 33 HCC, and 10 HD 5 mL NA [73]
platform vimentin, twist (mRNA)
Labyrinth Microfluidic device Glypican-3, Glutamine 42 HCC 10 mL 88.1% [74]
microfluidic Synthetase, HepPar-1,
device CD44
CTC: circulating tumor cells; EpCAM: epithelial cell adhesion molecule; CK: cytokeratin; NLD: non-malignant liver disease; HD: healthy
donor; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; LC: liver cirrhosis; ASGPR: asialoglycoprotein receptor; CPS1: carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1;
qRT-PCR: quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; AFP: alpha-fetoprotein