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Zanetto et al. Hepatoma Res 2018;4:70 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2018.102 Page 3 of 16

Table 1. Hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence after direct-acting antiviral agents treatment
Time
Fol- between
Authors, year Type of Cirrhotic Control low- HCC occur- DAA
study Patients patients Child-Pugh % group up rence rates treatment
(%) (me- and HCC
dian) occur-
rence
Conti et al. [37] , 2016 Retrospective 285 100 CTPA 88.7 - 6 mo 3.16% NA
CTPB 11.3
Cheung et al. [40] , 2016 Prospective 377 100 CTPA 17.2 Untreated 15 mo 4% NA
CTPB 72.7
CTPC 10.1
[2]
Foster et al. , 2016 Prospective 467 87.5 CTPA 17.4 Untreated 6 mo 5.4% NA
CTPB 72.6
CTPC 10
Zeng et al. [96] , 2016 NA (letter) 31 100 NA 15 mo 0% NA
Kozbial et al. [50] , 2016 NA (letter) 195 100 NA NA 12 mo 6.6% NA
Kobayashi et al. [45] , 2017 Retrospective 77 NA NA IFN-based 48 mo 3- and 5-year NA
cumulative
1.3% and 3%,
vs. 1% and 2.2%
in controls (P =
NS)
Romano et al. [42] , 2018 Prospective 2279 85.7 CTPA 91 7.4 mo 1-year cumula- NA
CTPB 9 tive 2.1
[51]
Cardoso et al. , 2016 Retrospective 54 100 - - - 12 mo 7.4% 7.6 mo
(letter) after HCV-
RNA unde-
tectability
Affronti et al. [47] , 2016 Retrospective 105 100 CTP > 7 80% Relapse after 15 mo 1-year cumula- NA
(abstract) IFN-free tive
4.4% (P <
0.002 vs. con-
trols)
Muir et al. [41] , 2016 Prospective 859 100% NA - - 12 mo 1% NA
Buonfiglioli et al. [39] , 2016 Prospective 285 100 NA - 6 mo 3.2% NA
(abs)
Carrat [97] , 2016 Prospective 2156 63 NA - - 18 mo 4.3% NA
(abs)
Ji et al. [44] , 2017 Prospective 165 NA NA - IFN-RBV 14 mo Not different NA
(Abs) between groups
Innes et al. [98] , 2017 Retrospective 570 100 NA - IFN-based 22 mo 7% (not differ- NA
(Abs) ent between
groups)
Calvaruso et al. [99] , 2017 Retrospective 3447 77.8 CTPA 68 - 8.5 mo 1.44% overall NA
(Abs) 1.69% in CTPA
CTPB 9.2 4.37% in CTPB
Issachar et al. [100] , 2017 Retrospective 273 NA - - 15 mo 2.1% NA
(Abs)
Bielen et al. [48] , 2017 Retrospective 332 NA CHC + CTPA 100 - - 1.5% NA
(Abs)
Waziry et al. [61] , 2017 Metanalysis 9 studies 100 NA - IFN-based - RR 0.68, 95% NA
studies CI 0.18-2.55, P
= 0.5)
Ioannou et al. [49] , 2017 Retrospective 26483 16.8 - - IFN based 72 mo 3.8% in IFN- NA
cohort FREE + IFN
2% in IFN-FREE
only
Nagaoki et al. [43] , 2017 Retrospective 154 NA NA IFN based 23 mo Cumulative 22 mo
cohort 1 and 5-year: after end of
0.6% and 9% treatment
(P = ns vs.
control group)
Nagata et al. [46] , 2017 Retrospective 669 NA NA - IFN-based 20 mo Cumulative NA
cohort 3-year: 1.4%
(P = 0.49 vs.
controls)