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organotoxicity via induction of endogenous antioxidants. Table 3: Effect of dietary supplement against
[71]
Reduction of concentration of CAR in blood and tissues is hepatotoxicity and hepatic cancer
accompanied with hyperlipidemic condition. It has been Name Mechanism of action Use
[72]
well reported that hepatoprotective effect of L-CAR against N-acetyl Increase intracellular cysteine and Antidote for
CCl -induced hepatotoxicity is due to significant increase cysteine GSH levels acetaminophen-
Prevention of tumor initiation
induced
4
of GSH level. [73] hepatotoxicity
Alpha lipoic Inhibition of TGF/PDGF-(HSC) Antioxidant
Lycopene is the red pigment of tomatoes. Lycopene acid Prevention of tumor initiation and
hepatic fi brosis
concentration in human serum tends to be higher than L-carnitine Superoxide scavenger, and DNA Antioxidant
those of all other carotenoid pigments. Lycopene showed cleavage protector
[74]
potent anti-inflammatory effects through its action as an Prevention of tumor initiation
antioxidant and free radical scavenger, which may reduce Lycopene Suppression of insulin-like growth Antioxidant
factor-1-stimulated cell proliferation
cellular damage. It plays a crucial role in the protection Prevention of tumor initiation and
[75]
of cell membranes from lipid peroxidation by neutralizing hepatic fi brosis
hydroxyl radicals and may bind to DNA, promoting further S-adenosyl-l- Cofactor for amino acids, inhibition Antioxidant
protection beyond antioxidant activity. [76] Lycopene methionine of HSC Antioxidants,
Whey protein Free radical scavenger
demonstrated potential beneficial effects against oxidative concentrates Prevention of tumor initiation hypolipidemic
stress. These beneficial functions are due to enhancement agent
of cellular gap junction communication, induction of phase GSH: glutathione; TGF: transforming growth factor; PDGF: platelet-derived
II enzymes through activation of the antioxidant response growth factor; HSC: hepatic stellate cell
element of transcription system, and suppression of It can be concluded that natural bioactive compounds
insulin-like growth factor-1-stimulated cell proliferation. are promising candidate in the treatment and prevention
Its effects also include anti-angiogenesis, inhibition of of hepatic injury as well as HCC. The effects may be due
cell proliferation, and induction of apoptosis. Lycopene to their anti-oxidative properties, modulatory effects in
[77]
showed potent protective effect against hepatic steatosis several cytokines, and anti-genotoxic efficacy. The current
in knockout mice. [78]
article highlights on the potential mechanism of the action
of natural compounds against hepatotoxicity and suggests
S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe) is an endogenous agent further studies for developing novel therapeutic tools in the
that is a critical precursor for transmethylation and treatment of hepatic lesions.
transsulfuration reactions. SAMe plays an important role
such as a cofactor for many transmethylation reactions of Financial support and sponsorship
amino acids, proteins, nucleotides, and neurotransmitters Nil.
and a vital precursor for the transsulfuration pathway
that ultimately generates GSH. [79] SAMe has potent Confl ict of interest
activity against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity There is no conflict of interest.
as compared to NAC. SAMe reduced the cytotoxicity of
[80]
other hepatotoxicants such as carbon tetrachloride, which REFERENCES
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[81]
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