Page 15 - Read Online

component of freshly crushed garlic cloves, has been showed hepatorenoprotective effects against aflatoxicosis
produced by the interaction of the non-protein amino in rats. [38]
acid alliin with the enzyme alliinase (alliin lyase). It has
anti-hepatocarcinogenic effect through the p53 gene Marigold (Calendula officinalis) is an annual herb native to the
modulating apoptosis and autophagy. [30] Mediterranean region. In Europe and America, it is cultivated
for ornamental and medicinal purposes. C. officinalis as the
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been found in the Far East and marigold or maravilla has been widely used in folk therapy.
tropical regions. It had been used to treat menstrual disorders, Calendula flower decoction or tincture showed more than 35
colic, inflammation, bruising, dyspepsia, hematuria, and properties and its preparations have been used as valuable
flatulence. It also has anticancer and antioxidant actions remedies for burns. C. officinalis is mainly used for cutaneous
due to the presence of three chemical components, for and internal inflammatory diseases of several origins. Its
[39]
[31]
example, curcumin I, II, and III. It suppresses the activation extract has a protective effect against ultraviolet-induced
of NF-κB, so it may be useful in preventing liver disease such oxidative stress. It has been well documented that Calendula
[40]
as hepatonephrotoxicity. [32] extract showed anti-genotoxicity and ameliorative effect
against hepatotoxicity induced by aflatoxin due to high
Colchicine (Colchicum autumnale) is the major alkaloid percentage of total PhCs. [6,41] The effect of herbal agents has
obtained from C. autumnale. Pharmacological properties of been summarized in Table 1.
colchicine included antimitotic effects and can be used for
the treatment of gout. Moreover, colchicine has been acting MICRONUTRIENTS (VITAMINS AND MINERALS)
[33]
as an anti-tumor agent. Colchicine has been reported to be
[34]
a safe anti-fibrotic agent when used for long-term treatment Vitamin B (cyanocobalamin) molecule contains a
12
of liver disease. [35] cobalt complex, it is known as cobalamin. Molecular
weight of vitamin B is the highest among all vitamins;
12
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) is cultivated in Central and therefore, it is known to accumulate at high levels in the
Southern Europe, Africa, and Asia. It is rich with essential liver. Vitamin B is a complex organometallic cofactor
12
[36]
oils and anti-oxidative phenolic substances. It is widely associated with three subfamilies of enzymes: The
used in folk medicine for the treatment of a variety of adenosylcobalamin-dependent isomerases, the methyl
diseases including gastroenteric and bronchopulmonary cobalamin-dependent methyltransferases, and the
[42]
disorders. It is also effective as anthelmintic, antispasmodic, dehalogenases. In chronic feeding regimen without a
carminative, sedative, diaphoretic, antimicrobial, methyl-donor, vitamin B may lead to the development of
12
[43]
antioxidant, and antifungal agents. [37] T. vulgaris also HCC. Previous studies reported that vitamin B showed
12
Table 1: Effect of herbal agents against hepatic disorders
Name Family Constituents Mechanism of action Major effect
Silybum marianum Asteraceae Silibinin Inhibit GSH depletion and genotoxicity Antioxidant
(Silymarin) Inhibited telomerase activity in HCC
Glycyrrhiza glabra Fabaceae Glycyrrhetic Enhance GSH formation Anti-hepatocarcinogenesis
(Liquorice) acid Induce apoptosis in hepatic cancer
Panax ginseng Araliaceae Ginsenosides Improve GSH synthesis Hepatorenoprotective effect
Enhance apoptosis in HCC
Ginkgo biloba Ginkgoaceae Polyphenols Free radical scavenger Antioxidant
Prevention of tumor initiation
Taraxacum offi cinale Asteraceae Taraxacin Enhance mRNA expression of hepatic antioxidant enzymes Anti-fi brotic effect
(Dandelion) Prevention of tumor initiation
Allium sativum Amaryllidaceae Allicin Modulation of p53 gene Anticancer
(Garlic) Delay or arrest of the tumor development
Curcuma longa Zingiberaceae Curcumin I, Suppresses the activation of nuclear factor kappa B Anticancer and antioxidant
(Turmeric) II, and III Prevention of tumor initiation
Colchicum Colchicaceae Colchicine Inhibition of cellular mitosis Anti-tumor anti-fi brotic agent
autumnale Delay or arrest of the tumor development
Thymus vulgaris Lamiaceae Thymol Increase GSH synthesis Antioxidant, antimicrobial
Prevention of tumor initiation
Calendula offi cinalis Asteraceae Triterpenoids Enhance antioxidant enzymes Antioxidant,
Prevention of tumor initiation anti-infl ammatory
GSH: glutathione; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatoma Research | Volume 1 | Issue 3 | October 15, 2015 113