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Page 4 of 8 Yang et al. Hepatoma Res 2020;6:31 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2019.45

P value 0.98 0.49 < 0.001 ＞ 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.744 0.78 0.03 0.0001 0.73 < 0.001 < 0.0001 0.39 0.018

Incidence rate 4% for patients with DAAs vs. 4% for untreated 1.4% for IFN-free patients vs. 3.3% for IFN-based 0.90% for patients with SVR vs. 3.45% for patients 1.32% for patients with DAAs-only vs. 1.06% for patients with DAAs + IFN vs. 0.81% for patients with 1.18% for patients with DAAs vs. 0.64% for untreated 1.18% for patients with DAAs vs. 0.98% for patients 2.53% for IFN-Free patients vs. 1.26% for IFN-containing 2.12% for cirrhot

6-month incidence: patients 3-year incidence: patients Annual incidence: without SVR, AHR = 0.28 Annual incidence: IFN-only Annual incidence: patients, AHR = 0.84; with IFN, AHR = 0.69 Annual incidence: patients, AHR = 1.15 Annual incidence: cirrhotic patients with IFN; 4.53% for untreated patients Annual incidence: cirrhotic patients without SVR 3-year incidence: SVR-IFN, AHR = 0.89 1-year incidence: SVR Annual in

HCC, n DAAs, 27; Untreated, 11 - 271 DAAs-only, 2651; DAAs+IFN, 175; IFN-only, 445 DAAs, 433; IFN, 388; Untreated, 1232 IFN-Free, 11; IFN-containing, 30 DAAs, 50; IFN, 196; Untreated, 436 55 DAAs, 15; SVR-IFN, 31; non-SVR, 154 78 50 78 DAAs, 187; Untreated, 71

Median follow-up duration DAAs, 15 months; Untreated, 6 months IFN-free, 1.8 years; IFN-based, 6.8 years NA DAAs-only, 1.53 years DAAs, 1.05 years; IFN, 2.93 years; Untreated, 1.24 years IFN-Free, 1.7 years; IFN-containing, 3.5 years DAAs, 396 days; IFN, 2719 days 536 days DAAs, 21.2 months; SVR-IFN, 64.4 months; non-SVR-IFN, 47.4 months 14 months NA DAAs, 440 days; Untreated, 592 days DAAs, 34.5 months; Untreated, 32.3 months

Table 2. Studies not supporting high rates of HCC occurrence after DAAs treatment

Liver disease stage Decompensated cirrhosis All stages All stages All stages All stages Cirrhosis and with SVR All stages F3 or higher Cirrhosis Cirrhosis Cirrhosis Cirrhosis All stages

Patients, n DAAs, 406; Untreated, 261 IFN-free, 1145; IFN-based, 752 DAAs, 22,500 DAAs-only, 21948; DAAs + IFN, 4535; IFN-only, 35,871 DAAs, 30,183; IFN, 12,948; Untreated, 137,502 IFN-Free, 272; IFN-containing, 585 DAAs, 5834; IFN, 3534; Untreated, 8468 DAAs, 3917 DAAs, 336; SVR-IFN, 495; non-SVR, 439 DAAs, 2249 DAAs, 1766 DAAs, 158; Untreated, 184 DAAs, 7344; Untreated, 2551

Prospective + retrospective Retrospective Retrospective Retrospective Retrospective Retrospective Retrospective Prospective Prospective Prospective Prospective Prospective + retrospective Prospective
Nature

Cheung et al. [20] Nagata et al. [21] Kanwal et al. [22] Ioannou et al. [23] Singer et al. [24] Innes et al. [25] Romano et al. [27] Nahon et al. [28] Calvaruso et al. [29] Lleo et al. [30] Mettke et al. [31] Carrat et al. [32]

Ref. Li et al. [26]