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100
Control
80 Immunotherapy
60
Survival (%) 40 P < 0.0001
20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Months
Figure 3. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (endolympahtic immunotherapy vs. control
group) (P < 0.0001)
100 12 cycles
≤ 6 cycles
80
Control
Survival (%) 60
40
20
0
0 20 40 60
Months
Figure 4. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma according to cycles of immunotherapy
therapy and compared to control group (P = ns)
poor prognostic factors but are necessary larger studies to define the exclusion criteria of the patients for
endolymphatic immunotherapy.
DISCUSSION
HCC is a complex and heterogeneous tumor with multiple genetic aberrations. Several molecular pathways
involved in the regulation of proliferation and cell death are implicated in the hepatocarcinogenesis in
