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Page 4 of 8 David et al. Hepatoma Res 2018;4:2 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2017.51

Table 1. Basic characteristics of patients with BCLC stage B according to treatment group
OLR (n = 21) LLR (n = 28) p
Age (years) 63 ± 12 58 ± 11 0.080
Sex (% male) 17 (81%) 18 (64%) 0.201
BMI (Kg/m ) 23.0 ± 3.2 24.8 ± 3.7 0.094
2
Previous abdominal surgery 4 (19.0%) 1 (3.6%) 0.077
Previous TACE 11 (52.4%) 6 (21.4%) 0.024
Previous RFA 3 (14.3%) 0 (0%) 0.039
Child-Turcott-Pugh classification 0.122
A 21 (100%) 25 (89.3%)
B 0 3 (10.7%)
Albumin (g/dL) 4.0 ± 0.4 4.1 ± 0.4 0.918
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) 0.7 ± 0.2 0.8 ± 0.4 0.457
Prothrombin time (INR) 1.1 ± 0.1 1.1 ± 0.1 0.110
AST (U/L) 37.1 ± 22.9 39.2 ± 19.7 0.742
ALT (U/L) 32.1 ± 17.7 38.9 ± 19.8 0.218
Platelet (x 1000/mcL) 162.1 ± 82.5 139.4 ± 57.3 0.289
Viral disease 0.727
HCV 14 (66.7%) 20 (71.4%)
HBV 2 (9.5%) 4 (14.3%)
Both positive 0 0
Both negative 5 (23.8%) 4 (14.3%)
ICGR15 (%) 10.0 ± 4.2 9.9 ± 7.9 0.937
AFP (ng/mL) 1191.4 ± 4750.7 539.2 ± 1491.3 0.550
Type of hepatic resection 0.009
Minor 8 (38.1%) 21 (75.0%)
Major 13 (61.9%) 7 (25.0%)
Resection margin (cm) 1.7 ± 2.4 1.4 ± 1.5 0.610
R0 17 (81.0%) 28 (100.0%) 0.017
R1 4 (19.0%) 0
Operation time (min) 339.0 ± 90.9 350.3 ± 171.2 0.066
Estimated blood loss (mL) 1055.3 ± 889.6 1707.5 ± 3294.7 0.039
Transfusion done 9 (42.9%) 12 (42.9%) 1.000
RBC 2.7 ± 1.8 6.3 ± 5.8 0.022
FFP 0.8 ± 1.6 2.1 ± 2.4 0.056

LLR: laparoscopic liver resection; OLR: open liver resection; BMI: body mass index; TACE:transarterial chemoembolization; RFA:
radiofrequency ablation; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus;
ICGR15:indocyanine green retention test at 15 min; AFP: alpha-fetoprotein; PRBC: packed RBC; red blood cell, FFP: fresh frozen plasma.
Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or number (percent).
0.425 respectively). In the pathologic TNM stage, the T stage was different between two groups (P = 0.031).

Postoperative complications, hospital stay and recurrence
As seen in Table 3, the LLR group had a higher rate of intraoperative complications than the OLR group (17.9%
vs. 14.3%; P = 0.738), but a lower rate of postoperative complications (14.3% vs. 33.3%; P = 0.114). There was no
significant difference in overall serious postoperative complications between the LLR and OLR groups.

Patients in the LLR group had a significantly shorter postoperative hospital stay (median = 9 days; range: 4-30)
than the OLR group (median = 21 days; range: 7-147, P = 0.023).

In terms of recurrence, LLR had similar recurrence rates with OLR (78.6% vs. 71.4%, P = 0.565) during the
follow-up of 63 ± 40 months and 48 ± 43 months in LLR and OLR respectively. For both LLR and OLR,
majority of the recurrences were intrahepatic recurrences (77.3% vs. 93.3%, respectively).

Overall survival and disease-free survival
The OS at 1, 3 and 5 years for LLR was 89.1%, 70.4% and 58.6%, respectively; and 76.2%, 55.9% and 43.5%,
respectively for OLR. OS for both groups was similar (P = 0.583) and there was also no statistically