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Page 4 of 8                                                     David et al. Hepatoma Res 2018;4:2  I  http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2017.51


               Table 1. Basic characteristics of patients with BCLC stage B according to treatment group
                                                OLR (n = 21)            LLR (n = 28)            p
                Age (years)                      63 ± 12                 58 ± 11               0.080
                Sex (% male)                     17 (81%)                18 (64%)              0.201
                BMI (Kg/m )                      23.0 ± 3.2              24.8 ± 3.7            0.094
                       2
                Previous abdominal surgery       4 (19.0%)               1 (3.6%)              0.077
                Previous TACE                    11 (52.4%)              6 (21.4%)             0.024
                Previous RFA                     3 (14.3%)               0 (0%)                0.039
                Child-Turcott-Pugh classification                                              0.122
                  A                              21 (100%)               25 (89.3%)
                  B                              0                       3 (10.7%)
                Albumin (g/dL)                   4.0 ± 0.4               4.1 ± 0.4             0.918
                Total bilirubin (mg/dL)          0.7 ± 0.2               0.8 ± 0.4             0.457
                Prothrombin time (INR)           1.1 ± 0.1               1.1 ± 0.1             0.110
                AST (U/L)                        37.1 ± 22.9             39.2 ± 19.7           0.742
                ALT (U/L)                        32.1 ± 17.7             38.9 ± 19.8           0.218
                Platelet (x 1000/mcL)            162.1 ± 82.5            139.4 ± 57.3          0.289
                Viral disease                                                                  0.727
                  HCV                            14 (66.7%)              20 (71.4%)
                  HBV                            2 (9.5%)                4 (14.3%)
                Both positive                    0                       0
                Both negative                    5 (23.8%)               4 (14.3%)
                ICGR15 (%)                       10.0 ± 4.2              9.9 ± 7.9             0.937
                AFP (ng/mL)                      1191.4 ± 4750.7         539.2 ± 1491.3        0.550
                Type of hepatic resection                                                      0.009
                  Minor                          8 (38.1%)               21 (75.0%)
                  Major                          13 (61.9%)              7 (25.0%)
                Resection margin (cm)            1.7 ± 2.4               1.4 ± 1.5             0.610
                  R0                             17 (81.0%)              28 (100.0%)           0.017
                  R1                             4 (19.0%)               0
                Operation time (min)             339.0 ± 90.9            350.3 ± 171.2         0.066
                Estimated blood loss (mL)        1055.3 ± 889.6          1707.5 ± 3294.7       0.039
                Transfusion done                 9 (42.9%)               12 (42.9%)            1.000
                RBC                              2.7 ± 1.8               6.3 ± 5.8             0.022
                FFP                              0.8 ± 1.6               2.1 ± 2.4             0.056

               LLR: laparoscopic liver resection; OLR: open liver resection; BMI: body mass index; TACE:transarterial chemoembolization; RFA:
               radiofrequency ablation; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus;
               ICGR15:indocyanine green retention test at 15 min; AFP: alpha-fetoprotein; PRBC: packed RBC; red blood cell, FFP: fresh frozen plasma.
               Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or number (percent).
               0.425 respectively). In the pathologic TNM stage, the T stage was different between two groups (P = 0.031).


               Postoperative complications, hospital stay and recurrence
               As seen in Table 3, the LLR group had a higher rate of intraoperative complications than the OLR group (17.9%
               vs. 14.3%; P = 0.738), but a lower rate of postoperative complications (14.3% vs. 33.3%; P = 0.114). There was no
               significant difference in overall serious postoperative complications between the LLR and OLR groups.


               Patients in the LLR group had a significantly shorter postoperative hospital stay (median = 9 days; range: 4-30)
               than the OLR group (median = 21 days; range: 7-147, P = 0.023).

               In terms of recurrence, LLR had similar recurrence rates with OLR (78.6% vs. 71.4%, P = 0.565) during the
               follow-up of 63 ± 40 months and 48 ± 43 months in LLR and OLR respectively. For both LLR and OLR,
               majority of the recurrences were intrahepatic recurrences (77.3% vs. 93.3%, respectively).


               Overall survival and disease-free survival
               The OS at 1, 3 and 5 years for LLR was 89.1%, 70.4% and 58.6%, respectively; and 76.2%, 55.9% and 43.5%,
               respectively for OLR. OS for both groups was similar (P = 0.583) and there was also no statistically
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