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Author Instructions

acceptable, such as data sheet (word, excel, csv, cdx, fasta, pdf or zip files), presentation (powerpoint, pdf or zip files), image
(cdx, eps, jpeg, pdf, png or tiff), table (word, excel, csv or pdf), audio (mp3, wav or wma) or video (avi, divx, flv, mov, mp4,
mpeg, mpg or wmv). All information should be clearly presented. Supplementary materials should be cited in the main text
in numeric order (e.g., Supplementary Figure 1, Supplementary Figure 2, Supplementary Table 1, Supplementary Table 2,
etc.). The style of supplementary figures or tables complies with the same requirements on figures or tables in main text.
Videos and audios should be prepared in English, and limited to a size of 500 MB.

2.4 Manuscript Format
2.4.1 File Format
Manuscript files can be in DOC and DOCX formats and should not be locked or protected.

2.4.2 Length
The word limit is specified in the item “Types of Manuscripts”. There are no restrictions on number of figures or number of
supporting documents. Authors are encouraged to present and discuss their findings concisely.

2.4.3 Language
Manuscripts must be written in English.

2.4.4 Multimedia Files
The journal supports manuscripts with multimedia files. The requirements are listed as follows:
Video or audio files are only acceptable in English. The presentation and introduction should be easy to understand. The
frames should be clear, and the speech speed should be moderate.
A brief overview of the video or audio files should be given in the manuscript text.
The video or audio files should be limited to a size of up to 500 MB.
Please use professional software to produce high-quality video files, to facilitate acceptance and publication along with
the submitted article.
Upload the videos in mp4, wmv, or rm format (preferably mp4) and audio files in mp3 or wav format.

2.4.5 Figures
Figures should be cited in numeric order (e.g., Figure 1, Figure 2) and placed after the paragraph where it is first cited;
Figures can be submitted in format of tiff, psd, AI or jpeg, with resolution of 300-600 dpi;
Figure caption is placed under the Figure;
Diagrams with describing words (including, flow chart, coordinate diagram, bar chart, line chart, and scatter diagram,
etc.) should be editable in word, excel or powerpoint format. Non-English information should be avoided;
Labels, numbers, letters, arrows, and symbols in figure should be clear, of uniform size, and contrast with the background;
Symbols, arrows, numbers, or letters used to identify parts of the illustrations must be identified and explained in the
legend;
Internal scale (magnification) should be explained and the staining method in photomicrographs should be identified;
All non-standard abbreviations should be explained in the legend;
Permission for use of copyrighted materials from other sources, including re-published, adapted, modified, or partial
figures and images from the internet, must be obtained. It is authors’ responsibility to acquire the licenses, to follow any
citation instruction requested by third-party rights holders, and cover any supplementary charges.

2.4.6 Tables
Tables should be cited in numeric order and placed after the paragraph where it is first cited;
The table caption should be placed above the table and labeled sequentially (e.g., Table 1, Table 2);
Tables should be provided in editable form like DOC or DOCX format (picture is not allowed);
Abbreviations and symbols used in table should be explained in footnote;
Explanatory matter should also be placed in footnotes;
Permission for use of copyrighted materials from other sources, including re-published, adapted, modified, or partial
tables from the internet, must be obtained. It is authors’ responsibility to acquire the licenses, to follow any citation
instruction requested by third-party rights holders, and cover any supplementary charges.
2.4.7 Abbreviations
Abbreviations should be defined upon first appearance in the abstract, main text, and in figure or table captions and used
consistently thereafter. Non-standard abbreviations are not allowed unless they appear at least three times in the text.
Commonly-used abbreviations, such as DNA, RNA, ATP, etc., can be used directly without definition. Abbreviations in
titles and keywords should be avoided, except for the ones which are widely used.
2.4.8 Italics
General italic words like vs., et al., etc., in vivo, in vitro; t test, F test, U test; related coefficient as r, sample number as n,

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