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enhance their low-carbon transformation efforts, facilitate their integration into the global industrial,
supply, and value chains, and support Chinese enterprises and brands in expanding globally. In the current
study, through exploration and analysis of problems Shanghai faces as a megacity in terms of carbon
footprinting, we have found that the carbon footprint of megacities has a substantial impact on both the
structure and overall consumption of urban energy, potentially reversing the adjustment in urban and
industrial structures. Our future research, taking Shanghai as an example, will focus on understanding the
overarching concept of megacity carbon footprints and the challenges involved, aiming to provide further
valuable insights for other cities undergoing green transformation.

DECLARATION
Authors’ contributions
Design research, article structure and theme selection: Liu H
Participation in data collection and literature analysis: Niu Y

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
Both authors have declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2024.

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